Here, we review the design of optical cavities, transient and modulated responses, and theoretical models relevant to vibrational strong coupling (VSC). While planar Fabry–Perot cavities remain the most common choice for experiments involving vibrational polaritons, other choices including plasmonic and phononic nanostructures, extended lattice resonances, and wavelength-scale three-dimensionally confined dielectric cavities have unique advantages, which are discussed. Next, we review the nonlinear response to laser excitation of VSC systems revealed by transient pump–probe and 2DIR techniques. The assignment of various features observed in these experiments has been an important topic with significant recent progress and controversy. The modulation of VSC systems by various means such as ultrafast pulses and electrochemical methods is also described. Finally, theoretical approaches to understanding the physics and chemistry of VSC systems are reviewed with an eye toward their applicability and usefulness. These fall into two main categories: (1) solving for the eigenmodes of the system and (2) evolutionary techniques including the transfer-matrix method and its generalizations. The need for quantum optical methods of describing VSC systems is critically evaluated in light of current experimental work, and we discuss circumstances which necessitate consideration of the full in-plane dispersion of the Fabry–Perot cavities.

中文翻译：

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振动强耦合的控制、调制和分析描述

在这里，我们回顾了光学腔的设计、瞬态和调制响应，以及与振动强耦合 (VSC) 相关的理论模型。虽然平面法布里-珀罗腔仍然是涉及振动极化子的实验的最常见选择，但其他选择，包括等离子体和声子纳米结构、扩展晶格共振和波长尺度三维受限介电腔具有独特的优势，这些都在讨论中。接下来，我们回顾了瞬态泵浦探针和 2DIR 技术揭示的 VSC 系统对激光激发的非线性响应。在这些实验中观察到的各种特征的分配一直是一个重要的话题，最近取得了重大进展和争议。还描述了通过超快脉冲和电化学方法等各种方式调制 VSC 系统。最后，回顾了理解 VSC 系统物理和化学的理论方法，着眼于它们的适用性和实用性。它们分为两大类：(1) 求解系统的本征模式和 (2) 包括传递矩阵方法及其推广在内的演化技术。根据当前的实验工作，对描述 VSC 系统的量子光学方法的需求进行了严格评估，我们讨论了需要考虑 Fabry-Perot 腔的全面内色散的情况。回顾了理解 VSC 系统的物理和化学的理论方法，着眼于它们的适用性和实用性。它们分为两大类：(1) 求解系统的本征模式和 (2) 包括传递矩阵方法及其推广在内的演化技术。根据当前的实验工作，对描述 VSC 系统的量子光学方法的需求进行了严格评估，我们讨论了需要考虑 Fabry-Perot 腔的全面内色散的情况。回顾了理解 VSC 系统的物理和化学的理论方法，着眼于它们的适用性和实用性。它们分为两大类：(1) 求解系统的本征模式和 (2) 包括传递矩阵方法及其推广在内的演化技术。根据当前的实验工作，对描述 VSC 系统的量子光学方法的需求进行了严格评估，我们讨论了需要考虑 Fabry-Perot 腔的全面内色散的情况。