Preceramic polymers (PCPs) are a group of specialty macromolecules that serve as precursors for generating inorganics, including ceramic carbides, nitrides, and borides. PCPs represent interesting synthetic challenges for chemists due to the elements incorporated into their structure. This group of polymers is also of interest to engineers as PCPs enable the processing of polymer-derived ceramic products including high-performance ceramic fibers and composites. These finished ceramic materials are of growing significance for applications that experience extreme operating environments (e.g., aerospace propulsion and high-speed atmospheric flight). This Review provides an overview of advances in the synthesis and postpolymerization modification of macromolecules forming nonoxide ceramics. These PCPs include polycarbosilanes, polysilanes, polysilazanes, and precursors for ultrahigh-temperature ceramics. Following our review of PCP synthetic chemistry, we provide examples of the application and processing of these polymers, including their use in fiber spinning, composite fabrication, and additive manufacturing. The principal objective of this Review is to provide a resource that bridges the disciplines of synthetic chemistry and ceramic engineering while providing both insights and inspiration for future collaborative work that will ultimately drive the PCP field forward.

中文翻译：

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用于形成硅基和超高温非氧化物陶瓷的陶瓷前体聚合物的合成进展

陶瓷前体聚合物 (PCP) 是一组特种大分子，可作为生成无机物（包括陶瓷碳化物、氮化物和硼化物）的前体。由于其结构中包含的元素，PCP 对化学家来说代表了有趣的合成挑战。这组聚合物也引起了工程师的兴趣，因为 PCP 能够加工聚合物衍生的陶瓷产品，包括高性能陶瓷纤维和复合材料。这些成品陶瓷材料对于经历极端操作环境（例如，航空航天推进和高速大气飞行）的应用具有越来越重要的意义。本综述概述了形成非氧化物陶瓷的大分子的合成和聚合后改性的进展。这些 PCP 包括聚碳硅烷、聚硅烷、聚硅氮烷和超高温陶瓷的前体。在回顾 PCP 合成化学之后，我们提供了这些聚合物的应用和加工示例，包括它们在纤维纺丝、复合材料制造和增材制造中的应用。本综述的主要目标是提供一种资源，将合成化学和陶瓷工程学科联系起来，同时为最终推动 PCP 领域向前发展的未来合作工作提供见解和灵感。