In this study, a flower-like SnIn₄S₈/SmVO₄ heterostructure was synthesized by applying a hydrothermal approach and used as a visible-light-driven photocatalyst to remove hexavalent chromium (Cr⁶⁺) and Rhodamine B (RhB). The process design and optimization were carried out by response surface methodology (RSM). An artificial neural network (ANN) was also used to determine the relative importance of operational factors. Under RSM-based optimal conditions, the Cr⁶⁺ and RhB removal efficiency reached 90.93 and 97.57%, respectively. Process modeling by ANN revealed pH as the most influential factor in Cr⁶⁺ and dye removal. The predominant photocatalytic activity of SnIn₄S₈/SmVO₄ was attributed to its Z-scheme structure, leading to the significant separation of charge carriers and conserving the redox capacity of the photogenerated electron-holes. Kinetic studies revealed that the SnIn₄S₈/SmVO₄ could achieve considerable rate constants of 0.036 and 0.080 min⁻¹ to remove Cr⁶⁺ and RhB, respectively. Furthermore, the catalyst’s reusability was confirmed under optimal conditions.

在这项研究中，采用水热法合成了花状 SnIn ₄ S ₈ /SmVO ₄异质结构，并将其用作可见光驱动的光催化剂以去除六价铬 (Cr ⁶⁺ ) 和罗丹明 B (RhB)。通过响应面法（RSM）进行工艺设计和优化。人工神经网络 (ANN) 也用于确定操作因素的相对重要性。在基于RSM的优化条件下，Cr ⁶⁺和RhB的去除率分别达到90.93和97.57%。^{ANN 的过程建模显示 pH 值是 Cr 6+}和染料去除中最有影响力的因素。_{SnIn 4}的主要光催化活性S ₈ /SmVO ₄归因于其Z型结构，导致载流子的显着分离并保持光生电子空穴的氧化还原能力。动力学研究表明，SnIn ₄ S ₈ /SmVO ₄可达到相当大的速率常数 0.036 和 0.080 min ^-1以分别去除 Cr ⁶⁺和 RhB。此外，在最佳条件下确认了催化剂的可重复使用性。