Highly heterogeneous structures are closely related to the realization of the tissue functions of living organisms. However, precisely controlling the assembly of heterogeneous structures is still a crucial challenge. This work presents an on-demand bubble-assisted acoustic method for active cell patterning to achieve high-precision heterogeneous structures. Active cell patterning is achieved by the combined effect of acoustic radiation forces and microstreaming around oscillating bubble arrays. On-demand bubble arrays allow flexible construction of cell patterns with a precision of up to 45 μm. As a typical example, the in vitro model of hepatic lobules, composed of patterned endothelial cells and hepatic parenchymal cells, was constructed and cultured for 5 days. The good performance of urea and albumin secretion, enzymatic activity and good proliferation of both cells prove the feasibility of this technique. Overall, this bubble-assisted acoustic approach provides a simple and efficient strategy for on-demand large-area tissue construction, with considerable potential for different tissue model fabrication.

中文翻译：

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按需气泡辅助声学模式构建异质组织

高度异质的结构与生物体组织功能的实现密切相关。然而，精确控制异质结构的组装仍然是一个关键的挑战。这项工作提出了一种用于主动细胞图案化的按需气泡辅助声学方法，以实现高精度的异质结构。活性细胞图案化是通过声辐射力和围绕振荡气泡阵列的微流的综合作用实现的。按需气泡阵列允许以高达 45 μm 的精度灵活构建细胞图案。作为一个典型的例子，体外构建由图案化内皮细胞和肝实质细胞组成的肝小叶模型，培养5天。尿素和白蛋白分泌的良好性能、酶活性和两种细胞的良好增殖证明了该技术的可行性。总的来说，这种气泡辅助声学方法为按需大面积组织构建提供了一种简单有效的策略，对于不同组织模型的制作具有相当大的潜力。