The ectoparasitoid wasp Theocolax elegans is a cosmopolitan and generalist pteromalid parasitoid of several major storage insect pests, and can effectively suppress a host population in warehouses. However, little molecular information about this wasp is currently available. In this study, we assembled the genome of T. elegans using PacBio long-read sequencing, Illumina sequencing, and Hi-C methods. The genome assembly is 662.73 Mb in length with contig and scaffold N50 values of 1.15 Mb and 88.8 Mb, respectively. The genome contains 56.4% repeat sequences and 23,212 protein-coding genes were annotated. Phylogenomic analyses revealed that T. elegans diverged from the lineage leading to subfamily Pteromalinae (Nasonia vitripennis and Pteromalus puparum) approximately 110.5 million years ago. We identified 130 significantly expanded gene families, 34 contracted families, 248 fast-evolving genes, and 365 positively selected genes in T. elegans. Additionally, 260 olfactory receptors and 285 venom proteins were identified. This genome assembly provides valuable genetic bases for future investigations on evolution, molecular biology and application of T. elegans.

外寄生蜂Theocolax elegans是几种主要仓储害虫中的一种世界性、通才的翅目类寄生蜂，可有效抑制仓库中的寄主种群。然而，目前关于这种黄蜂的分子信息很少。在这项研究中，我们使用 PacBio 长读长测序、Illumina 测序和 Hi-C 方法组装了线虫的基因组。基因组组装长度为 662.73 Mb，重叠群和支架 N50 值分别为 1.15 Mb 和 88.8 Mb。该基因组包含 56.4% 的重复序列，并注释了 23,212 个蛋白质编码基因。系统基因组学分析表明，T. elegans与导致亚科 Pteromalinae（Nasonia vitripennis和Pteromalus puparum ) 大约在 1.105 亿年前。我们在秀丽隐杆线虫中鉴定了 130 个显着扩展的基因家族、34 个收缩家族、248 个快速进化基因和 365 个正选择基因。此外，还鉴定了 260 种嗅觉受体和 285 种毒液蛋白。该基因组组装为未来对秀丽隐杆线虫的进化、分子生物学和应用的研究提供了宝贵的遗传基础。