The effective strategy for structural steel with excellent tolerance of impurities is to increase solidification rate to prevent the formation of segregation and intermetallic during fabrication.Carbon (C) and oxygen (O) as impurities in austenitic stainless steel are often controlled at extremely low levels to ease their detrimental effects on toughness and corrosion resistance. Hence, high-quality austenitic stainless steels are poor in impurity tolerance and moderate in strength. Here, we use laser additive manufacturing successfully engineering C, N and O with high contents as interstitial atoms coordinated with Cr in the form of short-range ordered assembly in steel, and develop an impurity-tolerant supersaturated austenitic stainless steel with an ultrahigh strength of 961±40 MPa, a good ductility (37.5 ± 3%), an enhanced corrosion resistance (0.0745 Ecorr/V) and acceptable thermal stability up to 500 °C. First-principles calculations indicate that a coordinated hexahedron C₄Cr₄, as a stable unit in the austenite, can be assembled via three basic types of stacking. With the presence of N and O, N₁C₆Cr₈, O₁C₆Cr₇ and O₁C₆Cr₈ are also stable coordination assembly units. Such short-range ordered assembly of interstitial atoms can produce significant super-saturated interstitial solid solution strengthening, which is responsible for the enhancement of tensile strength while maintaining ductility. The novel approach in engineering impurities by laser additive manufacturing may open up a new avenue in developing advanced high-impurity-tolerance steels for potential industrial applications at a low cost.

具有优异杂质耐受性的结构钢的有效策略是提高凝固速率以防止在制造过程中形成偏析和金属间化合物。碳（C）和氧（O）作为奥氏体不锈钢中的杂质通常被控制在极低的水平以减轻它们对韧性和耐腐蚀性的不利影响。因此，优质奥氏体不锈钢的耐杂质性较差，强度适中。在这里，我们使用激光增材制造成功地将高含量的 C、N 和 O 作为间隙原子与 Cr 以短程有序组装的形式在钢中配位，开发出一种具有超高强度的耐杂质过饱和奥氏体不锈钢。 961±40 MPa，延展性好（37.5±3%），增强的耐腐蚀性 (0.0745 Ecorr/V) 和可接受的高达 500 °C 的热稳定性。第一性原理计算表明配位六面体 C₄ Cr ₄作为奥氏体中的稳定单元，可以通过三种基本类型的堆叠进行组装。在N和O的存在下，N ₁ C ₆ Cr ₈、O ₁ C ₆ Cr ₇和O ₁ C ₆ Cr ₈也是稳定的协调组装单元。这种间隙原子的短程有序组装可以产生显着的超饱和间隙固溶体强化，这有助于在保持延展性的同时提高抗拉强度。通过激光增材制造处理杂质的新方法可能会为以低成本开发用于潜在工业应用的先进高杂质耐受性钢开辟一条新途径。