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Comprehensive Analysis of bHLH Transcription Factors in Ipomoea aquatica and Its Response to Anthocyanin Biosynthesis
International Journal of Molecular Sciences ( IF 5.6 ) Pub Date : 2023-03-15 , DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065652
Zheng Liu 1 , Xiaoai Fu 1 , Hao Xu 1 , Yuxin Zhang 1 , Zhidi Shi 1 , Guangzhen Zhou 2 , Wenlong Bao 1, 3
Affiliation  

The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins compose one of the largest transcription factor (TF) families in plants, which play a vital role in regulating plant biological processes including growth and development, stress response, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Ipomoea aquatica is one of the most important nutrient-rich vegetables. Compared to the common green-stemmed I. aquatica, purple-stemmed I. aquatica has extremely high contents of anthocyanins. However, the information on bHLH genes in I. aquatica and their role in regulating anthocyanin accumulation is still unclear. In this study, we confirmed a total of 157 bHLH genes in the I. aquatica genome, which were classified into 23 subgroups according to their phylogenetic relationship with the bHLH of Arabidopsis thaliana (AtbHLH). Of these, 129 IabHLH genes were unevenly distributed across 15 chromosomes, while 28 IabHLH genes were spread on the scaffolds. Subcellular localization prediction revealed that most IabHLH proteins were localized in the nucleus, while some were in the chloroplast, extracellular space, and endomembrane system. Sequence analysis revealed conserved motif distribution and similar patterns of gene structure within IabHLH genes of the same subfamily. Analysis of gene duplication events indicated that DSD and WGD played a vital role in the IabHLH gene family expansion. Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression levels of 13 IabHLH genes were significantly different between the two varieties. Of these, the IabHLH027 had the highest expression fold change, and its expression level was dramatically higher in purple-stemmed I. aquatica than that in green-stemmed I. aquatica. All upregulated DEGs in purple-stemmed I. aquatica exhibited the same expression trends in both qRT-PCR and RNA-seq. Three downregulated genes including IabHLH142, IabHLH057, and IabHLH043 determined by RNA-seq had opposite expression trends of those detected by qRT-PCR. Analysis of the cis-acting elements in the promoter region of 13 differentially expressed genes indicated that light-responsive elements were the most, followed by phytohormone-responsive elements and stress-responsive elements, while plant growth and development-responsive elements were the least. Taken together, this work provides valuable clues for further exploring IabHLH function and facilitating the breeding of anthocyanin-rich functional varieties of I. aquatica.

中文翻译:

水蕻bHLH转录因子综合分析及其对花青素生物合成的响应

基本螺旋-环-螺旋 (bHLH) 蛋白构成植物中最大的转录因子 (TF) 家族之一,在调节植物生物过程(包括生长发育、应激反应和次生代谢产物生物合成)中起着至关重要的作用。蕹菜是最重要的营养丰富的蔬菜之一。相较于常见的绿茎水生植物,紫茎水生植物的花青素含量极高。然而,关于I. aquatica中bHLH基因的信息及其在调节花青素积累中的作用仍不清楚。在本研究中,我们在 I. aquatica 基因组中确认了总共 157 个 bHLH 基因,根据它们与拟南芥 bHLH (AtbHLH) 的系统发育关系分为 23 个亚组。这些,129 个 IabHLH 基因不均匀分布在 15 条染色体上,而 28 个 IabHLH 基因分布在支架上。亚细胞定位预测显示,大多数 IabHLH 蛋白定位于细胞核,而一些定位于叶绿体、细胞外空间和内膜系统。序列分析揭示了同一亚科的 IabHLH 基因中保守的基序分布和相似的基因结构模式。基因复制事件分析表明 DSD 和 WGD 在 IabHLH 基因家族扩展中发挥了重要作用。转录组分析表明,13个IabHLH基因的表达水平在两个品种之间存在显着差异。其中,IabHLH027 的表达倍数变化最高,其表达水平在紫茎 I 中显着升高。aquatica 比绿茎 I. aquatica 中的那个。紫茎 I. aquatica 中所有上调的 DEG 在 qRT-PCR 和 RNA-seq 中都表现出相同的表达趋势。由 RNA-seq 确定的三个下调基因,包括 IabHLH142、IabHLH057 和 IabHLH043,具有与 qRT-PCR 检测到的相反的表达趋势。对13个差异表达基因启动子区的顺式作用元件分析表明,光响应元件最多,其次是植物激素响应元件和胁迫响应元件,植物生长发育响应元件最少。综上所述,该工作为进一步探索 IabHLH 功能和促进富含花青素功能性水生植物品种的选育提供了有价值的线索。aquatica 在 qRT-PCR 和 RNA-seq 中表现出相同的表达趋势。由 RNA-seq 确定的三个下调基因,包括 IabHLH142、IabHLH057 和 IabHLH043,具有与 qRT-PCR 检测到的相反的表达趋势。对13个差异表达基因启动子区的顺式作用元件分析表明,光响应元件最多,其次是植物激素响应元件和胁迫响应元件,植物生长发育响应元件最少。综上所述,该工作为进一步探索 IabHLH 功能和促进富含花青素功能性水生植物品种的选育提供了有价值的线索。aquatica 在 qRT-PCR 和 RNA-seq 中表现出相同的表达趋势。由 RNA-seq 确定的三个下调基因,包括 IabHLH142、IabHLH057 和 IabHLH043,具有与 qRT-PCR 检测到的相反的表达趋势。对13个差异表达基因启动子区的顺式作用元件分析表明,光响应元件最多,其次是植物激素响应元件和胁迫响应元件,植物生长发育响应元件最少。综上所述,该工作为进一步探索 IabHLH 功能和促进富含花青素功能性水生植物品种的选育提供了有价值的线索。RNA-seq 检测到的 IabHLH043 与 qRT-PCR 检测到的表达趋势相反。对13个差异表达基因启动子区的顺式作用元件分析表明,光响应元件最多,其次是植物激素响应元件和胁迫响应元件,植物生长发育响应元件最少。综上所述,该工作为进一步探索 IabHLH 功能和促进富含花青素功能性水生植物品种的选育提供了有价值的线索。RNA-seq 检测到的 IabHLH043 与 qRT-PCR 检测到的表达趋势相反。对13个差异表达基因启动子区的顺式作用元件分析表明,光响应元件最多,其次是植物激素响应元件和胁迫响应元件,植物生长发育响应元件最少。综上所述,该工作为进一步探索 IabHLH 功能和促进富含花青素功能性水生植物品种的选育提供了有价值的线索。其次是植物激素响应元件和胁迫响应元件,而植物生长发育响应元件最少。综上所述,该工作为进一步探索 IabHLH 功能和促进富含花青素功能性水生植物品种的选育提供了有价值的线索。其次是植物激素响应元件和胁迫响应元件,而植物生长发育响应元件最少。综上所述,该工作为进一步探索 IabHLH 功能和促进富含花青素功能性水生植物品种的选育提供了有价值的线索。
更新日期:2023-03-16
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