Mineral processing wastewater (MPW), known as one of the main industrial sources of pollution, contains various organic and inorganic substances, such as flotation reagents, metal ions and suspended mineral particles. Thus, it is essential to treat wastewater properly to achieve standard discharge or recycling. In this study, the main sources of MPW contaminants and restrictive factors related to recycling are analyzed. Current techniques for the treatment and recycling of MPW are reviewed. Physicochemical treatments, such as natural sedimentation, neutralization, and coagulation–flocculation, which have a widespread application in beneficiation plants, are debatable owing to their low efficiency, particularly for wastewater containing recalcitrant pollutants. Biological treatments are effective in the degradation of various flotation reagents and have been successfully applied in some non-ferrous metal beneficiation plants. Although several technologies, especially advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), are emerging as promising candidates for MPW treatment, there are few reports on the full-scale application of these processes in the mineral processing industry. To achieve successful implementation of water recycling, the key quality parameters of recycled water affecting the beneficiation process must be evaluated. Therefore, choosing appropriate approaches to achieve wastewater cyclic utilization is a considerable challenge for future mineral processing plants. We hope that this review will help people better understand the state of the art of MPW management, treatment, and recycling.

中文翻译：

---

选矿废水处理与资源化研究进展

选矿废水(MPW)被称为主要的工业污染源之一，含有多种有机和无机物质，如浮选剂、金属离子和悬浮的矿物颗粒。因此，必须妥善处理废水以实现达标排放或回收利用。在这项研究中，分析了 MPW 污染物的主要来源和与回收相关的限制因素。回顾了当前处理和回收 MPW 的技术。在选矿厂广泛应用的物理化学处理，如自然沉淀、中和和混凝-絮凝，由于其效率低而备受争议，特别是对于含有顽固污染物的废水。生物处理能有效降解各种浮选药剂，并在一些有色金属选矿厂得到成功应用。尽管有几种技术，尤其是高级氧化工艺 (AOP) 正在成为 MPW 处理的有前途的候选技术，但关于这些工艺在选矿工业中全面应用的报道很少。为实现水循环的成功实施，必须评估影响选矿过程的循环水的关键质量参数。因此，选择合适的方法实现废水循环利用是未来选矿厂面临的一个相当大的挑战。我们希望这篇综述能帮助人们更好地了解 MPW 管理、处理和回收的最新技术水平。