This paper empirically examines the impacts of grid-scale battery storage facilities on the frequency control ancillary services (FCAS) market that is used by energy market operators to maintain the frequency of the system within the normal operating band. Using a staggered introduction of grid-scale batteries in two Australian states, our difference-in-differences analysis shows that grid-scale batteries can significantly lower overall FCAS costs. We further show that the reduced FCAS costs are accentuated by the battery storage capacity, and that their impacts are most pronounced in reducing the costs of short-term FCAS markets (such as the regulation and 6-second services). These FCAS markets typically displace more expensive fossil-fuel participation. Given the large scale of both battery and renewable adoption in Australia, our results have policy implications for global energy markets.

本文实证研究了电网规模电池存储设施对频率控制辅助服务 (FCAS) 市场的影响，能源市场运营商使用该市场将系统频率维持在正常运行频段内。通过在澳大利亚的两个州交错引入电网规模的电池，我们的差异分析表明，电网规模的电池可以显着降低总体 FCAS 成本。我们进一步表明，降低的 FCAS 成本因电池存储容量而加剧，并且它们的影响在降低短期 FCAS 市场（例如监管和 6 秒服务）的成本方面最为明显。这些 FCAS 市场通常会取代更昂贵的化石燃料参与。鉴于澳大利亚大规模采用电池和可再生能源，