Nanochannel-based resistive pulse sensing (nano-RPS) system is widely used for the high-sensitive measurement and characterization of nanoscale biological particles and biomolecules due to its high surface to volume ratio. However, the geometric dimensions and surface properties of nanochannel are usually fixed, which limit the detections within particular ranges or types of nanoparticles. In order to improve the flexibility of nano-RPS system, it is of great significance to develop nanochannels with tunable dimensions and surface properties. In this work, we proposed a novel multi-module self-assembly (MS) strategy which allows to shrink the geometric dimensions and tune surface properties of the nanochannels simultaneously. The MS-tuned nano-RPS device exhibits an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for nanoparticle detections after shrunk the geometric dimensions by MS strategy. Meanwhile, by tuning the surface charge, an enhanced resolution for viral particles detection was achieved with the MS-tuned nano-RPS devices by analyzing the variation of pulse width due the tuned surface charge. The proposed MS strategy is versatile for various types of surface materials and can be potentially applied for nanoscale surface reconfiguration in various nanofluidic devices.

基于纳米通道的电阻脉冲传感 (nano-RPS) 系统因其高表面积与体积比而被广泛用于纳米级生物颗粒和生物分子的高灵敏度测量和表征。然而，纳米通道的几何尺寸和表面特性通常是固定的，这限制了特定范围或类型纳米粒子的检测。为了提高纳米RPS系统的灵活性，开发尺寸和表面性质可调的纳米通道具有重要意义。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种新颖的多模块自组装 (MS) 策略，可以同时缩小纳米通道的几何尺寸和调整表面特性。在通过 MS 策略缩小几何尺寸后，MS 调谐的纳米 RPS 设备表现出增强的纳米粒子检测信噪比 (SNR)。同时，通过调整表面电荷，通过分析调谐表面电荷引起的脉冲宽度变化，使用 MS 调谐纳米 RPS 设备实现了病毒颗粒检测的增强分辨率。拟议的 MS 策略适用于各种类型的表面材料，并且可以潜在地应用于各种纳米流体设备中的纳米级表面重构。