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The efficacy of sulfosulfuron on spontaneous barley as affected by the type, size, and outlet design of flat fan nozzle
Crop Protection ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2023-03-02 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2023.106210
Akbar Aliverdi, Abolfazl Aliverdi

Sulfosulfuron, when applied at a label-increased rate, can control spontaneous barley (Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch) in wheat. For optimization, a dose-response bioassay was conducted on three-leaf spontaneous barley plants treated with six sulfosulfuron doses (0, 6.75, 13.5, 27, 40, and 80 g a.i. ha−1) under the wind speed of 0 and 6 m s−1. Each of the doses was sprayed with three nozzle types (standard, anti-drift, and air induction), each with three outlet designs (single, dual, and triplet flat fan) at three nozzle sizes (02, 03, and 04, delivering 210, 315, and 420 L ha−1, respectively). Moreover, at 0 m s−1 wind, vertically and horizontally oriented water-sensitive papers (WSP) were treated with a dose of 40 g a.i. ha−1 sulfosulfuron. The horizontally-oriented WSP wetted less as the droplet size produced by the nozzles increased. The vertically-oriented WSP wetted more as the outlet number of nozzles increased. When the ED90 values averaged over the nozzle type at 0 m s−1 wind, the standard nozzle type had the best performance, followed by the anti-drift nozzle type and then the air induction nozzle type, while this ranking reversed at 6 m s−1 wind. Moreover, the optimized rates were achieved by increasing the spray volume and the outlet number of all nozzle types at both wind speeds. At 0 m s−1 wind, the standard triplet flat fan nozzle delivering 420 L ha−1 was the best with a low endo-drift. At 6 m s−1 wind, the air induction triplet flat fan nozzle delivering 420 L ha−1 was the best nozzle having a low exo-drift.



中文翻译:

扇形喷嘴类型、尺寸和出口设计对磺嘧磺隆对自然大麦的影响

Sulfosulfuron,当以标签增加的速率施用时,可以控制小麦中的自生大麦 ( Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch)。为了优化,在 0 和 6 m s 的风速下,对用六种磺嘧磺隆剂量(0、6.75、13.5、27、40 和 80 g ai ha -1)处理的三叶自发大麦植物进行剂量反应生物测定-1。每种剂量都使用三种喷嘴类型(标准、防漂移和进气)进行喷洒,每种喷嘴具有三种出口设计(单扇、双扇和三联扇形)和三种喷嘴尺寸(02、03 和 04,输送分别为210、315 和 420 L ha -1)。此外,在 0 m s −1用 40 g ai ha -1磺嘧磺隆处理风、垂直和水平方向的水敏纸 (WSP)。随着喷嘴产生的液滴尺寸的增加,水平方向的 WSP 润湿程度降低。随着喷嘴出口数量的增加,垂直方向的 WSP 润湿得更多。当 ED 90值在 0 m s -1风下对喷嘴类型进行平均时,标准喷嘴类型具有最佳性能,其次是防漂移喷嘴类型,然后是进气喷嘴类型,而这个排名在 6 m s - 1风。此外,优化速率是通过在两种风速下增加所有喷嘴类型的喷雾量和出口数量来实现的。在 0 毫秒−1风,提供 420 L ha −1的标准三重平面扇形喷嘴是最好的,具有低内漂移。在 6 m s -1风速下,提供 420 L ha -1的空气感应三重平面扇形喷嘴是具有低外漂移的最佳喷嘴。

更新日期:2023-03-06
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