Social shame and stigma surround menstruation, which may compromise women’s health and rights in various contexts. Men’s attitudes are particularly important because men often hold positions of power that influence women’s experience. This study examined factors associated with menstrual attitudes, including heteronormative attitudes, sexism, and family influences. A cross-sectional Qualtrics panel survey (n = 802; aged 18–44; 50.8% female) was performed. We tested a revised menstrual attitudes scale based on items drawn from previously validated measures. Data were analyzed using a structural equation modeling framework. Factor analysis identified and confirmed a 5-factor model for menstrual attitudes. Men endorsed more negative attitudes toward menstruation than women; however, this difference was largely explained by factors other than gender in the structural equation model. After controlling for family and demographic characteristics, attitudes toward openness and secrecy surrounding menstruation were most strongly associated with gender role expectations and hostile sexism. Benevolent sexism was associated with finding menstruation debilitating, denying menstrual symptoms, and endorsing avoidance of activities during menstruation. Heteronormative and sexist attitudes were associated with more negative menstrual attitudes, while increased menstrual knowledge was associated with more positive menstrual attitudes. The difference in menstrual attitudes between males and females was explained largely by heteronormative attitudes and sexism. This suggests that attitudes toward menstruation are closely linked to social ideals about men and women.

围绕月经的社会耻辱和耻辱可能会在各种情况下损害女性的健康和权利。男性的态度尤其重要，因为男性经常掌握影响女性经历的权力职位。这项研究调查了与月经态度相关的因素，包括异性恋态度、性别歧视和家庭​​影响。横截面 Qualtrics 小组调查 ( n = 802；18-44岁；50.8% 女性）进行了。我们根据之前验证的测量中提取的项目测试了修订后的月经态度量表。使用结构方程建模框架分析数据。因素分析确定并确认了月经态度的五因素模型。男性对月经的态度比女性更为消极；然而，这种差异很大程度上是由结构方程模型中性别以外的因素解释的。在控制了家庭和人口特征后，对月经公开和保密的态度与性别角色期望和敌对性别歧视密切相关。仁慈的性别歧视与发现月经使人衰弱、否认月经症状以及支持在月经期间避免活动有关。异性恋和性别歧视态度与更消极的月经态度相关，而月经知识的增加与更积极的月经态度相关。男性和女性之间月经态度的差异很大程度上是由异性恋态度和性别歧视造成的。这表明对月经的态度与男性和女性的社会理想密切相关。