The traditional sensors are designed based on the “lock-and-key” strategy with high selectivity and specificity for detecting specific analytes, which however are not suitable for detecting multiple analytes simultaneously. With the help of pattern recognition technologies, the sensor arrays excel in distinguishing subtle changes caused by multitarget analytes with similar structures in a complex system. To construct a sensor array, the multiple sensing elements are undoubtedly indispensable units that will selectively interact with targets to generate the unique “fingerprints” based on the distinct responses, enabling the identification among various analytes through pattern recognition methods. This comprehensive review mainly focuses on the construction strategies and principles of sensing elements, as well as the applications of sensor array for identification and detection of target analytes in a wide range of fields. Furthermore, the present challenges and further perspectives of sensor arrays are discussed in detail.

中文翻译：

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传感器阵列的最新进展：从传感元件的构造原理到应用

传统传感器基于“锁匙”策略设计，具有高选择性和特异性，可检测特定分析物，但不适合同时检测多种分析物。借助模式识别技术，传感器阵列擅长区分复杂系统中具有相似结构的多目标分析物引起的细微变化。要构建传感器阵列，多个传感元件无疑是不可或缺的单元，它们将选择性地与目标相互作用，根据不同的响应生成独特的“指纹”，从而通过模式识别方法实现对各种分析物的识别。这篇综合综述主要关注传感元件的构建策略和原则，以及传感器阵列在广泛领域中目标分析物识别和检测的应用。此外，还详细讨论了传感器阵列目前面临的挑战和进一步的前景。