The effectiveness of parenting on child outcomes may be dependent on other contextual factors. To date, few studies have focused on the potential moderating effect of maternal stress on the relationship between parenting and youth externalizing behaviors. This study extends prior work by assessing how the relationship between parenting and youth outcomes varies by the presence of maternal stress, while focusing on the developmental period of adolescence and two dimensions of parenting, parental knowledge and maternal warmth. Data were collected from 278 Mother-adolescent dyads (M_{adolescent age} = 14.05; 53.2% females; 61.9% minority) on maternal stress, maternal warmth and parental knowledge, and youth aggression and delinquency. Multi-level regression models found significant two-way interactions between parental knowledge and maternal stress on aggression and between maternal warmth and maternal stress on both outcomes. Parental knowledge was associated with lower aggression in the context of high maternal stress, but warmth only attenuated the risk of youth outcomes among low maternal stress. This study highlights the importance of considering how contextual factors impact the relationship between parenting and youth externalizing behaviors.

育儿对儿童结果的有效性可能取决于其他背景因素。迄今为止，很少有研究关注母亲压力对育儿与青少年外化行为之间关系的潜在调节作用。本研究通过评估育儿与青少年结果之间的关系如何因母亲压力的存在而变化来扩展先前的工作，同时关注青春期的发育期和育儿的两个维度，父母的知识和母亲的温暖。数据收集自 278 名母亲-青少年二人组（M_{青少年年龄} = 14.05; 53.2% 女性；61.9% 的少数民族）关于母亲的压力、母亲的温暖和父母的知识，以及青少年的攻击性和犯罪行为。多层次回归模型发现父母知识和母亲对攻击的压力之间以及母亲温暖和母亲压力对这两种结果的显着双向相互作用。在母亲压力大的情况下，父母的知识与较低的攻击性有关，但温暖只会降低母亲压力小的青年结局的风险。本研究强调了考虑情境因素如何影响育儿与青少年外化行为之间关系的重要性。