This study compared late bilinguals’ pitch feedback control in L1 and L2 production using a frequency-altered feedback paradigm in which participants read target words while presented with unexpected pitch-shift in their voice feedback. Variables of language (L1 or L2) and perturbation magnitudes (0, 100, 200, or 400 cents) were manipulated. Behaviorally, participants produced larger magnitudes but longer latencies of vocal compensation in L2 than in L1 production, suggesting that L2 pitch feedback control has greater importance but lower efficiency. Event-related potential findings demonstrated that 400-cent shifts elicited greater N1 amplitudes than those in the 0-cent baseline condition in L1 production. This difference was non-significant in L2 production, implying different neural processing of unaltered feedback and externally-generated feedback in L1 and L2 production. Participants’ vocal compensation and P2 amplitudes were similarly modulated by pitch-shift in L1 and L2 production, implying a similar gating mechanism to correct internal and external errors.

这项研究使用频率改变的反馈范式比较了晚期双语者在 L1 和 L2 表达中的音调反馈控制，其中参与者阅读目标单词，同时在他们的语音反馈中呈现意想不到的音调变化。语言变量（L1 或 L2）和扰动幅度（0、100、200 或 400 分）被操纵。在行为上，参与者在 L2 中产生的声音补偿比在 L1 中产生的声音补偿的幅度更大但延迟更长，这表明 L2 音高反馈控制更重要，但效率较低。与事件相关的电位研究结果表明，在 L1 产生中，400 美分的偏移比 0 美分基线条件下的 N1 振幅更大。这种差异在 L2 生产中并不显着，这意味着在 L1 和 L2 生成中，未改变的反馈和外部生成的反馈的神经处理不同。参与者的声音补偿和 P2 幅度类似地通过 L1 和 L2 制作中的音调变化进行调制，这意味着类似的门控机制可以纠正内部和外部错误。