This paper describes a method to cost-optimally locate and size chargers for electric vehicles (EVs) in power distribution grids as a function of the driving demand while respecting the grid’s constraints. The problem accounts for the notion of single-port chargers (SPCs), where a charger can interface one EV maximum, and multi-port chargers (MPCs), where the same charger can interface multiple EVs, leading to possible cost savings and improved arbitrage of the charging power. The formulation is capable of accounting for and modeling the flexibility of EV owners’ in plugging and unplugging their EVs from and to chargers at different hours of the day, a factor that can impact chargers’ utilization and thus charging infrastructure requirements. Simulation results from a synthetic case study show that implementing MPCs is cost-beneficial over both SPCs and owners’ flexibility for EVs with small batteries (16 kWh). However, this cost benefit vanishes when considering EVs with larger batteries (60 kWh).

中文翻译：

---

中压配电网电动汽车单、多充电站优化规划

本文介绍了一种在考虑电网约束的同时，根据驾驶需求在配电网中以成本最优方式定位和调整电动汽车 (EV) 充电器的方法。这个问题解释了单端口充电器 (SPC) 和多端口充电器 (MPC) 的概念，在单端口充电器中，一个充电器最多可以连接一个 EV，在多端口充电器 (MPC) 中，同一个充电器可以连接多个 EV，从而可能节省成本并改善套利的充电功率。该公式能够考虑和建模电动车车主在一天中的不同时间将电动车插入和拔出充电器的灵活性，这一因素会影响充电器的利用率，从而影响充电基础设施的要求。综合案例研究的模拟结果表明，与 SPC 相比，实施 MPC 具有成本效益，并且车主对使用小型电池 (16 kWh) 的 EV 具有灵活性。然而，当考虑使用更大电池 (60 kWh) 的电动汽车时，这种成本优势就消失了。