Low-income households may resort to cycling and walking to alleviate travel costs. Using data from the 2001, 2009, and 2017 National Household Travel Surveys, this study examines the spatiotemporal differences in the use of active travel among three socioeconomic groups classified based on household income and vehicle ownership. After controlling for a number of observed and unobserved factors, we find that individuals in low-income, car-owning households are associated with up to 14% more walking trips and 33% more cycling trips in a week compared to higher-income households, on average. However, in urban areas, higher-income households use active travel significantly more than low-income, car-owning households, while the opposite holds for suburban and rural areas. Individuals living in low-income, carless households are associated with even higher use of active travel. These results suggest that active travel is used, to some extent, out of necessity and lack of other viable options.

低收入家庭可能会选择骑自行车和步行来减轻出行成本。本研究使用 2001 年、2009 年和 2017 年全国家庭旅行调查的数据，检验了根据家庭收入和车辆拥有量分类的三个社会经济群体在主动旅行使用方面的时空差异。在控制了一些观察到和未观察到的因素后，我们发现与高收入家庭相比，低收入、拥有汽车的家庭中的个人每周步行旅行次数增加 14%，骑自行车旅行次数增加 33%，一般。然而，在城市地区，高收入家庭主动出行的次数明显多于低收入、拥有汽车的家庭，而郊区和农村地区则相反。生活在低收入的个人，无车家庭与主动出行的使用率更高有关。这些结果表明，在某种程度上，出于必要和缺乏其他可行的选择，使用主动旅行。