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Broad host-range pathogens as bioherbicides: managing nontarget plant disease risk
Pest Management Science ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2023-02-15 , DOI: 10.1002/ps.7410
Graeme W Bourdôt 1 , Seona G Casonato 2
Affiliation  

Plant pathogens with a broad host range are commercially more attractive as microbial bioherbicides than strictly host-specific pathogens as a result of the wider market potential of a product capable of controlling multiple species. However, the perceived spatiotemporal disease risk to nontarget plants is a barrier to their adoption for weed control. We consider two approaches to managing this risk. First, we consider safety zones and withholding periods for bioherbicide treatment sites. These must ensure inoculum spreading from, or surviving at the site, exposes nontarget plants to no more inoculum than from natural sources. They can be determined using simple dispersal models. We show that a ratio of added:natural inoculum of 1.0 is biologically reasonable as an ‘acceptable risk’ and a sound basis for safety zones and withholding periods. These would be analogous to the ‘conditions of use’ for synthetic chemical herbicides aimed at minimizing collateral damage to susceptible plants from spray drift and persistent soil residues. Second, weed-specific isolates of broad host-range pathogens may avoid the need for safety zones and withholding periods. Such isolates have been found in many broad host-range pathogen species. Their utilization as bioherbicides may more easily meet the requirements of regulators. Mixtures of different weed-specific isolates of a pathogen could provide bioherbicides with commercially attractive spectrums of weed control activity. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

中文翻译:

作为生物除草剂的广泛宿主范围病原体:管理非目标植物病害风险

具有广泛宿主范围的植物病原体作为微生物除草剂在商业上比严格宿主特异性病原体更具吸引力,因为能够控制多个物种的产品具有更广泛的市场潜力。然而,非目标植物的时空疾病风险是其用于杂草控制的障碍。我们考虑两种方法来管理这种风险。首先,我们考虑生物除草剂处理场地的安全区和停药期。这些必须确保接种物从现场传播或在现场存活,使非目标植物接触的接种物不比天然来源的接种物多。它们可以使用简单的扩散模型来确定。我们表明,添加物:天然接种物的比例为 1.0 作为“可接受的风险”在生物学上是合理的,并且是安全区和保留期的良好基础。这些类似于合成化学除草剂的“使用条件”,旨在最大限度地减少喷雾漂移和持久性土壤残留物对易受影响植物的附带损害。其次,广泛宿主范围病原体的杂草特异性分离株可以避免安全区和保留期的需要。此类分离株已在许多宿主范围广泛的病原体物种中发现。它们作为生物除草剂的利用可能更容易满足监管机构的要求。不同杂草特异性病原体分离株的混合物可以为生物除草剂提供具有商业吸引力的杂草控制活性谱。© 2023 作者。《害虫管理科学》由 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 代表化学工业协会出版。
更新日期:2023-02-15
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