Plant lipids have essential biological roles in plant development and stress responses through their functions in cell membrane formation, energy storage and signalling. Vegetable oil, which is composed mainly of the storage lipid triacylglycerol, also has important applications in food, biofuel and oleochemical industries. Lipid biosynthesis occurs in multiple subcellular compartments and involves the coordinated action of various pathways. Although biochemical and molecular biology research over the last few decades has identified many proteins associated with lipid metabolism, our current understanding of the dynamic protein interactomes involved in lipid biosynthesis, modification and channelling is limited. This review examines advances in the identification and characterization of protein interactomes involved in plant lipid biosynthesis, with a focus on protein complexes consisting of different subunits for sequential reactions such as those in fatty acid biosynthesis and modification, as well as transient or dynamic interactomes formed from enzymes in cooperative pathways such as assemblies of membrane-bound enzymes for triacylglycerol biosynthesis. We also showcase a selection of representative protein interactome structures predicted using AlphaFold2, and discuss current and prospective strategies involving the use of interactome knowledge in plant lipid biotechnology. Finally, unresolved questions in this research area and possible approaches to address them are also discussed.

中文翻译：

---

植物脂质生物合成的蛋白质相互作用组及其生物技术应用

植物脂质通过其在细胞膜形成、能量储存和信号传​​导中的功能，在植物发育和应激反应中发挥重要的生物学作用。植物油主要由储存脂质三酰甘油组成，在食品、生物燃料和油脂化学工业中也有重要应用。脂质生物合成发生在多个亚细胞区室中，并涉及各种途径的协调作用。尽管过去几十年的生化和分子生物学研究已经确定了许多与脂质代谢相关的蛋白质，但我们目前对参与脂质生物合成、修饰和通道的动态蛋白质相互作用组的理解是有限的。本综述探讨了植物脂质生物合成中涉及的蛋白质相互作用组的鉴定和表征方面的进展，重点关注由不同亚基组成的用于连续反应（例如脂肪酸生物合成和修饰中的反应）的蛋白质复合物，以及由脂肪酸生物合成和修饰形成的瞬时或动态相互作用组。协同途径中的酶，例如用于三酰甘油生物合成的膜结合酶的组装。我们还展示了使用 AlphaFold2 预测的一系列代表性蛋白质相互作用组结构，并讨论了涉及在植物脂质生物技术中使用相互作用组知识的当前和前瞻性策略。最后，还讨论了该研究领域尚未解决的问题以及解决这些问题的可能方法。