The hole fertilization is an effective means of saving fertilizer and increasing yields by applying the fertilizer needed for crop growth to a certain area below the seed during the seed fertilizing stage. In response to the current issues of low fertilizer utilization and soil non-point source pollution caused by strip fertilization, a hole-fertilizing corn planter was designed, which mainly consists of the hole-fertilizing unit, electro-driven seeding unit, and speed measuring device. A dynamic alignment control system with low cost was developed for intermittent fertilization and seeding as well as for precise alignment of the seed and fertilizer. By analyzing the movement process of the seed and fertilizer, a dynamic alignment algorithm was developed to dynamically adjust the alignment and precisely control the placement. In addition, a novel image-based fertilizer detection method was used to study the fertilizer distribution in the soil and evaluate the operating performance of the prototype in the field. Field trials were conducted to investigate the seeding quality, hole-fertilizing effect, and alignment precision of the seed and fertilizer at different operating speeds. Results indicate that (1) the feed index (\({I}_{qf}\)), miss index (\({I}_{miss}\)), and multiple index (\({I}_{mult}\)) are 91.9%, 6.8%, and 1.3%, respectively. (2) 85.4% of the fertilizer distances are greater than 60 mm in the soil, and the amount of fertilizer applied increases progressively with increasing soil depth. (3) The mean value of the offset distances is 28.1 mm, and 94% of the offset distances are less than 50 mm. Moreover, the offset distance increases as the operating speed rises.

穴施是在种子施肥阶段，将作物生长所需的肥料施入种子下方一定区域的一种节肥增产的有效手段。【摘要】：针对目前条带施肥造成肥料利用率低和土壤面源污染的问题,设计了一种穴施玉米播种机,主要由穴施施肥装置、电动排种装置和测速装置组成。设备。开发了一种低成本的动态对位控制系统，用于间歇施肥播种以及种子与肥料的精确对位。通过分析种子和肥料的运动过程，开发了动态对齐算法，动态调整对齐方式，精确控制投放。此外，一种新的基于图像的肥料检测方法被用来研究肥料在土壤中的分布，并评估原型在田间的运行性能。进行田间试验，研究不同运行速度下种子和肥料的播种质量、穴施肥效果和排列精度。结果表明：（1）饲料指数（\({I}_{qf}\)）、缺失指数（\({I}_{miss}\)）和多重指数（\({I}_{mult}\)）分别为 91.9%、6.8 % 和 1.3%。(2)85.4%的施肥距离在土壤中大于60mm，施肥量随土壤深度的增加而递增。(3) 偏移距离的平均值为28.1 mm，94%的偏移距离小于50 mm。此外，偏移距离随着运行速度的增加而增加。