It is the data support and theoretical basis for the response mechanism of soil fungi to climate warming in permafrost areas in the Greater Xing’an Mountains. We collected permafrost from the Greater Xing’an Mountains for indoor simulation experiments and took the natural permafrost as the control (CK) and the test groups of 0 °C (T1), 2 °C (T2), and 4 °C (T3) were set. Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to understand the changes in characteristics of fungal communities, and the correlations were analyzed combined with the soil physicochemical properties. Compared with CK, the value of pH and the content of available potassium (AK) in the three warming treatment groups were significantly lower (P < 0.05), and the microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content was significantly higher (P < 0.05). The content of total nitrogen (TN) and available nitrogen (AN) in the T1 and T3 groups was significantly lower than that in the CK group (P < 0.05). A total of 11 phyla, 39 classes, 89 orders, 187 families, 361 genera, and 522 species were obtained through fungal sequencing and divided into 1463 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). Ascomycota and Dimorphospora were the dominant phylum and genus, respectively, and there were differences in the response of relative abundance of various groups at the phylum and genus levels to warming. Warming significantly decreased the Sobs and ACE indexes of the treatment groups (P < 0.05), and the Shannon and Shannoneven indexes also showed a downward trend. Moreover, warming significantly changed the fungal beta diversity (P < 0.01), while the value of pH and the content of TN, MBC, and AK could significantly affect the community structure (P < 0.05), and the correlation between fungi at different phyla levels and soil physicochemical properties was different. These results can provide a reference for further study on the changes in composition and structure of fungal communities and the influence factor in permafrost in the Greater Xing’an Mountains under the background of warming.

中文翻译：

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变暖改变了永久冻土中真菌群落的组成和多样性

为大兴安岭多年冻土区土壤真菌对气候变暖的响应机制提供数据支持和理论基础。采集大兴安岭多年冻土进行室内模拟实验，以天然冻土为对照（CK）和0℃（T1）、2℃（T2）、4℃（T3）试验组) 被设置。利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术了解真菌群落特征变化，并结合土壤理化性质分析相关性。与CK相比，3个增温处理组pH值和速效钾（AK）含量均显着降低（P < 0.05），微生物生物量碳（MBC）含量显着升高（P < 0.05）。T1、T3组总氮（TN）和速效氮（AN）含量显着低于CK组（P < 0.05）。真菌测序共获得11门39纲89目187科361属522种，分为1463个扩增子序列变异体（ASVs）。子囊菌和双形孢菌分别是优势门和属，在门和属水平上各类群的相对丰度对变暖的响应存在差异。升温显着降低了各处理组的Sobs和ACE指数（P < 0.05），Shannon和Shannoneven指数也呈下降趋势。此外，升温显着改变了真菌β多样性（P < 0.01），而pH值和TN、MBC、和AK对群落结构有显着影响（P < 0.05），不同门级真菌与土壤理化性质的相关性不同。这些结果可为进一步研究变暖背景下大兴安岭多年冻土真菌群落组成结构变化及其影响因素提供参考。