CONTEXT

Mixed farming and agroforestry systems (MiFAS) are widely proposed to deal with ecological, economic, and social challenges that are associated with specialised farming systems. However, little is known about how MiFAS are integrated in food value chains and how value creation in MiFAS is rewarded by value chain actors.

OBJECTIVE

We review the broad literature on MiFAS (80 papers) with a particular focus on implications for food value chains.

METHODS

We use thematic analysis to code existing evidence and categorise these codes into four major themes: MiFAS value creation, Impacts of the farming environment on value creation, Ecosystem service valuation, and Supply & value chain integration. From here, we produce meta-narratives to summarise the literature within each theme. In a second step, we use these literature insights to develop possible value chain configurations that operationalise MiFAS in food value chains.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

We find that: a) integrating farming enterprises tends to improve yields and land-use efficiency and can reduce variable costs; b) MiFAS seem to face significant challenges with respect to fixed costs, such as of capital investments, and of labour; c) high opportunity costs associated with MiFAS can be a drawback for farms seeking to become more integrated as limited knowledge and the time to establish profitable MiFAS can deter adoption; d) sources of value creation within MiFAS stem from its ability to reduce variable costs as well as maintain or raise inputs, primarily by improving the efficiency of resources such as nutrients and land; and e) inter-farmer partnerships and collaboration have the potential to shorten MiFAS supply chains and extend value capture for farmers by allowing them greater ownership of value created.

SIGNIFICANCE

In total, insights into value chain implications of MiFAS are scarce. Therefore, our research delivers important implications for future research on MiFAS that should focus more on value chain implications of this emerging food production system.

中文翻译：

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混合农业和农林系统：对价值链影响的系统回顾

语境

混合农业和农林复合系统 (MiFAS) 被广泛提出来应对与专业化农业系统相关的生态、经济和社会挑战。然而，人们对 MiFAS 如何融入食品价值链以及价值链参与者如何奖励 MiFAS 的价值创造知之甚少。

客观的

我们回顾了有关 MiFAS 的广泛文献（80 篇论文），特别关注对食品价值链的影响。

方法

我们使用专题分析对现有证据进行编码，并将这些编码分为四大主题：MiFAS 价值创造、农业环境对价值创造的影响、生态系统服务评估以及供应链和价值链整合。从这里开始，我们制作元叙事来总结每个主题中的文献。在第二步中，我们使用这些文献见解来开发可能的价值链配置，以在食品价值链中实施 MiFAS。

结果和结论

我们发现：a）整合农业企业往往会提高产量和土地利用效率，并能降低可变成本；b) MiFAS 似乎在固定成本方面面临重大挑战，例如资本投资和劳动力；c) 与 MiFAS 相关的高机会成本对于寻求变得更加一体化的农场来说可能是一个缺点，因为有限的知识和建立有利可图的 MiFAS 的时间会阻碍采用；d) MiFAS 的价值创造源于其降低可变成本以及维持或增加投入的能力，主要是通过提高养分和土地等资源的效率；e) 农民之间的伙伴关系和协作有可能缩短 MiFAS 供应链，并通过让农民对创造的价值拥有更大的所有权来扩大对农民的价值获取。

意义

总的来说，对 MiFAS 价值链影响的见解很少。因此，我们的研究对 MiFAS 的未来研究具有重要意义，未来应该更多地关注这一新兴食品生产系统对价值链的影响。