According to expressivists, normative language expresses desire-like states of mind. According to noncognitivists, normative beliefs have a desire-like functional role. What is the relation between these two doctrines? It is widely assumed that expressivism commits you to noncognitivism, and vice versa. This paper opposes that assumption. I advance a view that combines a noncognitivist psychology with a descriptivist semantics for normative language. While this might seem like an ungainly hybrid, I argue that it has important advantages over more familiar metaethical positions. The noncognitivist aspect of the theory captures all of the explanatory benefits standardly associated with expressivism. At the same time, the descriptivist element allows us to avoid the semantic headaches for expressivism.

中文翻译：

---

没有表现主义的非认知主义

根据表现主义者的观点，规范语言表达了类似欲望的心理状态。根据非认知主义者的观点，规范信念具有类似欲望的功能作用。这两个学说之间有什么关系呢？人们普遍认为表现主义会让你陷入非认知主义，反之亦然。本文反对这一假设。我提出了一种将非认知主义心理学与规范语言的描述主义语义学相结合的观点。虽然这看起来像是一种笨拙的混合体，但我认为它比更熟悉的元伦理立场具有重要的优势。该理论的非认知主义方面抓住了与表现主义标准相关的所有解释性好处。同时，描述主义元素使我们能够避免表现主义的语义难题。