MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNA. Moreover, it has been shown that miRNAs expression are changed in various diseases, such as cancers, autoimmune disease, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative Diseases. The suppression of miRNA function can be easily attained by utilizing of anti-miRNAs. In contrast, an enhancement in miRNA function can be achieved through the utilization of modified miRNA mimetics. The discovery of appropriate miRNA carriers in the body has become an interesting subject for investigators. Exosomes (EXOs) therapeutic efficiency and safety for transferring different cellular biological components to the recipient cell have attracted significant attention for their capability as miRNA carriers. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recognized to generate a wide range of EXOs (MSC-EXOs), showing that MSCs may be effective for EXO generation in a clinically appropriate measure as compared to other cell origins. MSC-EXOs have been widely investigated because of their immune attributes, tumor-homing attributes, and flexible characteristics. In this article, we summarized the features of miRNAs and MSC-EXOs, including production, purification, and miRNA loading methods of MSC-EXOs, and the modification of MSC-EXOs for targeted miRNA delivery in various diseases.

中文翻译：

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间充质干细胞衍生的外泌体作为 microRNA 递送系统在不同疾病中的潜在用途

MicroRNA (miRNA) 是一组小非编码 RNA，通过靶向 mRNA 来调节基因表达。此外，研究表明，miRNA的表达在多种疾病中发生变化，例如癌症、自身免疫性疾病、传染病和神经退行性疾病。利用抗 miRNA 可以轻松实现 miRNA 功能的抑制。相反，通过利用修饰的 miRNA 模拟物可以增强 miRNA 功能。发现体内合适的miRNA载体已成为研究人员感兴趣的课题。外泌体（EXO）将不同的细胞生物成分转移到受体细胞的治疗效率和安全性因其作为 miRNA 载体的能力而引起了广泛关注。间充质干细胞 (MSC) 被认为可以产生多种 EXO (MSC-EXO)，这表明与其他细胞来源相比，MSC 在临床上适当的测量中可能对 EXO 产生有效。MSC-EXO因其免疫属性、肿瘤归巢属性和灵活的特性而被广泛研究。在本文中，我们总结了 miRNA 和 MSC-EXO 的特点，包括 MSC-EXO 的生产、纯化和 miRNA 加载方法，以及 MSC-EXO 的修饰以在各种疾病中靶向递送 miRNA。