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Comparing Conventional Manual Measurement of the Green View Index with Modern Automatic Methods Using Google Street View and Semantic Segmentation
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening ( IF 6.4 ) Pub Date : 2023-01-20 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2023.127845
Tetsuya Aikoh , Riko Homma , Yoshiki Abe

Urban greenery has various beneficial effects, such as engendering peace of mind. The green view index (GVI) effectively measures the amount of greenery people can perceive and is a suitable indicator of urban greening. To date, the most common way to measure the GVI has been to photograph the street environment from eye level and use image-editing software to calculate the area occupied by vegetation. However, conventional methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the calculation results may vary among individuals. In recent years, the use of Google Street View (GSV) photos and calculation of the GVI using automatic image segmentation have rapidly developed. In this study, we demonstrate the advantages of GSV and image segmentation over conventional methods, verify their accuracy, and identify the shortcomings of modern methods. We calculated the GVI in the central part of Sapporo, Japan, using the automatic image segmentation AI “DeepLab” and compared the results with those measured by Photoshop. At the exact GSV locations, we also acquired photos and again calculated the GVI using AI, subsequently comparing the results with those obtained on-site manually. Although the correlations were high, automatic image segmentation tended not to identify lawns and flowers planted in the ground as vegetation. It was impossible to determine the year when the GSV photos were taken. In addition, the distance to greenery was biased, depending on the position on the street. These points should be considered when using these modern methods.



中文翻译:

使用谷歌街景和语义分割将传统的绿色视图指数手动测量与现代自动方法进行比较

城市绿化具有多种有益效果,例如带来心灵的平静。绿景指数(GVI)有效衡量人们可感知的绿化量,是衡量城市绿化的合适指标。迄今为止,测量 GVI 最常用的方法是从视线水平拍摄街道环境,并使用图像编辑软件计算植被占用的面积。然而,传统方法费时费力,计算结果可能因人而异。近年来,使用谷歌街景(GSV)照片和使用自动图像分割计算 GVI 得到迅速发展。在这项研究中,我们展示了 GSV 和图像分割相对于传统方法的优势,验证了它们的准确性,并找出了现代方法的缺点。我们使用自动图像分割 AI“DeepLab”计算了日本札幌市中心的 GVI,并将结果与​​ Photoshop 测量的结果进行了比较。在确切的 GSV 位置,我们还获取照片并再次使用 AI 计算 GVI,随后将结果与现场手动获得的结果进行比较。尽管相关性很高,但自动图像分割往往无法将地面上种植的草坪和花卉识别为植被。无法确定拍摄 GSV 照片的年份。此外,与绿地的距离也有偏差,这取决于街道上的位置。使用这些现代方法时应考虑这些要点。使用自动图像分割 AI“DeepLab”并将结果与​​ Photoshop 测量的结果进行比较。在确切的 GSV 位置,我们还获取照片并再次使用 AI 计算 GVI,随后将结果与现场手动获得的结果进行比较。尽管相关性很高,但自动图像分割往往无法将地面上种植的草坪和花卉识别为植被。无法确定拍摄 GSV 照片的年份。此外,与绿地的距离也有偏差,这取决于街道上的位置。使用这些现代方法时应考虑这些要点。使用自动图像分割 AI“DeepLab”并将结果与​​ Photoshop 测量的结果进行比较。在确切的 GSV 位置,我们还获取照片并再次使用 AI 计算 GVI,随后将结果与现场手动获得的结果进行比较。尽管相关性很高,但自动图像分割往往无法将地面上种植的草坪和花卉识别为植被。无法确定拍摄 GSV 照片的年份。此外,与绿地的距离也有偏差,这取决于街道上的位置。使用这些现代方法时应考虑这些要点。尽管相关性很高,但自动图像分割往往无法将地面上种植的草坪和花卉识别为植被。无法确定拍摄 GSV 照片的年份。此外,与绿地的距离也有偏差,这取决于街道上的位置。使用这些现代方法时应考虑这些要点。尽管相关性很高,但自动图像分割往往无法将地面上种植的草坪和花卉识别为植被。无法确定拍摄 GSV 照片的年份。此外,与绿地的距离也有偏差,这取决于街道上的位置。使用这些现代方法时应考虑这些要点。

更新日期:2023-01-20
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