Transition metal phosphides (MP_x) with high theoretical capacities and low cost are regarded as the most promising anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but the large volume variations and sluggish kinetics largely restrict their development. To solve the above challenges, herein a generic but effective method is proposed to encapsulate various monodispersed MP_x into flexible carbon multi-chambers (MP_x@NC, MNi, Fe, Co, and Cu, etc.) with pre-reserved voids, working as anodes for LIBs and markedly boosting the Li⁺ storage performance. Ni₂P@NC, one representative example of MP_x@NC anode, shows high reversible capacity (613 mAh g⁻¹, 200 cycles at 0.2 A g⁻¹), and superior cycle stability (475 mAh g⁻¹, 800 cycles at 2 A g⁻¹). Full cell coupled with LiFePO₄ displays a high reversible capacity (150.1 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹) with stable cycling performance. In situ X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope techniques confirm the reversible conversion reaction mechanism and robust structural integrity, accounting for enhanced rate and cycling performance. Theoretical calculations reveal the synergistic effect between MP_x and carbon shells, which can significantly promote electron transfer and reduce diffusion energy barriers, paving ways to design high-energy-density materials for energy storage systems.

中文翻译：

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将单分散过渡金属磷化物封装到碳多室中以实现高效锂离子存储的一般途径及其潜在机制探索

具有高理论容量和低成本的过渡金属磷化物（MP x ）被认为是最有前途的锂离子电池（LIBs）负极，但大的体积变化和缓慢的动力学在很大程度上限制了它们的发展_。为了解决上述挑战，本文提出了一种通用但有效的方法，将各种单分散 MP _x封装到柔性碳多室（MP _x @NC、M=Ni、Fe、Co 和 Cu 等）中，并预先保留空隙，用作 LIB 的阳极并显着提高 Li ⁺存储性能。Ni ₂ P@NC 是 MP _x @NC 负极的一个代表性例子，显示出高可逆容量（613 mAh g ⁻¹ , 200 cycles at 0.2 A g⁻¹ )，以及优异的循环稳定性（475 mAh g ⁻¹，在 2 A g ⁻¹下可循环 800 次）。_{与 LiFePO 4}耦合的全电池显示出高可逆容量（在 0.1 A g ^{-1时为 150.1 mAh g -1}）和稳定的循环性能。原位 X 射线衍射和透射电子显微镜技术证实了可逆转化反应机制和稳健的结构完整性，从而提高了速率和循环性能。_{理论计算揭示了MP x}与碳壳之间的协同效应，可显着促进电子转移并降低扩散能垒，为设计用于储能系统的高能量密度材料铺平了道路。