Some important biological species and microenvironments maintain a complex and delicate dynamic balance in life systems, participating in the regulation of various physiological processes and playing indispensable roles in maintaining the healthy development of living bodies. Disruption of their homeostasis in living organisms can cause various diseases and even death. Therefore, real time monitoring of these biological species and microenvironments during different physiological and pathological processes is of great significance. Fluorescent-probe-based techniques have been recognized as one of the most powerful tools for real time imaging in biological samples. In this Account, we introduce the representative works from our group in the field of fluorescent probes for biological imaging capable of detecting metal ions, small bioactive molecules, and the microenvironment. The design strategies of small molecule fluorescent probes and their applications in biological imaging will be discussed. By regulating the design strategy and mechanism (e.g., ICT, PeT, and FRET) of the electronic and spectral characteristics of the fluorescent platforms, these chemical probes show high selectivity and diverse functions, which can be used for imaging of various physiological and pathological processes. Through the exploration of the rational response mechanism and design strategy, combined with a variety of imaging techniques, such as super-resolution imaging, photoacoustic (PA) imaging, etc., we have realized multimode imaging of the important biological analytes from the subcellular level to the in vivo level, which provides powerful means to study the physiological and pathological functions of these species and microenvironments. This Account aims to offer insights and inspiration for the development of novel fluorescent probes for biological imaging, which could provide powerful tools for the study of chemical biology. Overall, we represent a series of turn-on/turn-off/ratiometric fluorescent/PA probes to visually and dynamically trace biological species and microenvironments in cells and even in vivo that seek higher resolution and depth molecular imaging to improve diagnostic methods and clarify new discoveries related to chemical biology. Our future efforts will be devoted to developing multiorganelle targeted fluorescent probes to study the mechanism of subcellular organelle interaction and employing various dual-mode probes of NIR II and PA imaging to investigate the development of related diseases and treat the related diseases at subcellular and in vivo levels.

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生物物种和微环境的荧光探针：从合理设计到生物成像应用

一些重要的生物物种和微环境在生命系统中维持着复杂而微妙的动态平衡，参与调控各种生理过程，对维持生命体的健康发育发挥着不可或缺的作用。破坏它们在生物体中的稳态会导致各种疾病甚至死亡。因此，在不同的生理和病理过程中实时监测这些生物物种和微环境具有重要意义。基于荧光探针的技术已被公认为生物样品实时成像的最强大工具之一。本期介绍本课题组在生物成像荧光探针领域的代表作，可检测金属离子、生物活性小分子、和微环境。将讨论小分子荧光探针的设计策略及其在生物成像中的应用。通过调控荧光平台的电子和光谱特性的设计策略和机制（如ICT、PeT和FRET），这些化学探针表现出高选择性和多样化的功能，可用于各种生理和病理过程的成像. 通过对合理响应机制和设计策略的探索，结合多种成像技术，如超分辨率成像、光声（PA）成像等，我们从亚细胞水平实现了对重要生物分析物的多模式成像到体内水平，为研究这些物种和微环境的生理和病理功能提供了有力的手段。该帐户旨在为开发用于生物成像的新型荧光探针提供见解和灵感，这可以为化学生物学的研究提供强大的工具。总的来说，我们代表了一系列开启/关闭/比率荧光/PA 探针，以视觉和动态地追踪细胞甚至体内的生物物种和微环境，寻求更高分辨率和深度的分子成像，以改进诊断方法并阐明新的与化学生物学有关的发现。