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Higher-order conditioning: A critical review and computational model.
Psychological Review ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-11-01 , DOI: 10.1037/rev0000368
Robert C Honey 1 , Dominic M Dwyer 1
Affiliation  

Higher-order conditioning results from a simple training procedure: Pairing two relatively neutral conditioned stimuli, A and X, allows properties separately conditioned to X (e.g., through pairing it with an unconditioned stimulus, US) to be evident during A. The phenomenon extends the range of ways in which Pavlovian conditioned responding can be expressed and increases its translational relevance. Given this relevance and the wealth of available behavioral analysis, it is a surprisingly underdeveloped territory for formal theoretical analysis. Here, we first provide a critical review of two (informal) classes of account for higher-order conditioning that reflect either: (a) processes that are analogous to Pavlovian conditioning, but involving associatively activated representations (e.g., A→US); or (b) the formation of an associative chain (e.g., A→X, and X→US). Our review first identifies fundamental theoretical and empirical challenges to both classes of account. We then develop a new computational model of higher-order conditioning that meets the challenges identified by showing: how reciprocal associations between A, X, and the US are formed and affect performance; and how the similarity of stimuli, their traces, and associatively retrieved representations modulate this process. The model generates a wealth of novel predictions, providing a platform for further empirical and theoretical analysis. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译:

高阶调节:批判性审查和计算模型。

简单训练过程的高阶条件反射结果:将两个相对中性的条件刺激 A 和 X 配对,允许单独条件化到 X 的属性(例如,通过将其与非条件刺激配对,US)在 A 期间变得明显。现象扩展可以表达巴甫洛夫条件反应的方式范围,并增加其翻译相关性。鉴于这种相关性和可用的行为分析的丰富性,对于正式的理论分析来说,这是一个令人惊讶的欠发达领域。在这里,我们首先对高阶条件反射的两类(非正式)解释进行了批判性审查,这反映了:(a)类似于巴甫洛夫条件反射的过程,但涉及关联激活的表征(例如,A→US);(b) 关联链的形成(例如 , A→X, 和 X→US)。我们的审查首先确定了这两类账户面临的基本理论和实证挑战。然后,我们开发了一种新的高阶调节计算模型,该模型通过展示以下内容来应对所确定的挑战:A、X 和 US 之间的相互关联如何形成并影响性能;以及刺激的相似性、它们的踪迹和关联检索的表征如何调节这个过程。该模型产生了大量新颖的预测,为进一步的实证和理论分析提供了平台。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA,保留所有权利)。然后,我们开发了一种新的高阶调节计算模型,该模型通过展示以下内容来应对所确定的挑战:A、X 和 US 之间的相互关联如何形成并影响性能;以及刺激的相似性、它们的踪迹和关联检索的表征如何调节这个过程。该模型产生了大量新颖的预测,为进一步的实证和理论分析提供了平台。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA,保留所有权利)。然后,我们开发了一种新的高阶调节计算模型,该模型通过展示以下内容来应对所确定的挑战:A、X 和 US 之间的相互关联如何形成并影响性能;以及刺激的相似性、它们的踪迹和关联检索的表征如何调节这个过程。该模型产生了大量新颖的预测,为进一步的实证和理论分析提供了平台。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA,保留所有权利)。
更新日期:2022-11-01
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