Recently, the demand for high-efficiency electrocatalysts for advanced energy conversion systems has increased dramatically. One-dimensional fiber materials are promising advanced electrode materials due to their excellent mechanical strength, large surface area, high electrical conductivity, compositional/morphological tunability, and structural stability. Recently, tremendous research interest has focused on the construction of fiber electrocatalysts with abundant accessible active sites and efficient mass diffusion capability for efficient electrocatalysis. Herein, the design and synthesis of fiber-based electrocatalysts, including supportive fibers for catalyst loading and electrocatalytic fibers containing intrinsic active sites, are described in detail. The precise control of these architectures to meet the requirements of specific electrocatalytic reactions, including hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, and CO₂ reduction reaction is critically discussed. The structural properties and design principles of fiber-based electrocatalysts for bi-/multifunctional electrocatalytic reactions are also highlighted. Finally, the future challenges and research directions of fiber materials for real-world energy conversion applications are proposed.

最近，先进能量转换系统对高效电催化剂的需求急剧增加。一维纤维材料由于其优异的机械强度、大表面积、高导电性、成分/形态可调性和结构稳定性而成为有前途的先进电极材料。最近，巨大的研究兴趣集中在构建具有丰富可及活性位点和有效电催化的有效质量扩散能力的纤维电催化剂上。在此，详细描述了基于纤维的电催化剂的设计和合成，包括用于催化剂负载的支撑纤维和含有本征活性位点的电催化纤维。₂还原反应进行了批判性讨论。还强调了用于双/多功能电催化反应的纤维基电催化剂的结构特性和设计原则。最后，提出了纤维材料在现实世界能量转换应用中的未来挑战和研究方向。