The nineteenth century saw the development of reductive views of attention. The German philosopher and psychologist Carl Stumpf (1848-1936) proposed an original reductive view according to which attention is nothing but interest and interest itself is a positive feeling. Stumpf’s view was developed by Francis Bradley (1846-1924), George Frederick Stout (1860-1944), and Josiah Royce (1855-1916), but has been overlooked in the recent literature. In this paper, I will expound Stumpf’s view of attention, trace it back to its Aristotelian roots and defend the version offered by Stout and Royce. In this version a new kind of feeling, feelings of interest, and value, intellectual value, take centre stage.

中文翻译：

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注意力和（痛苦的）兴趣：重温注意力的兴趣理论

十九世纪见证了注意力的还原观点的发展。德国哲学家、心理学家Carl Stumpf（1848-1936）提出了一种独创的还原观点，认为注意力不过是兴趣，兴趣本身就是一种积极的感觉。Stumpf 的观点由 Francis Bradley (1846-1924)、George Frederick Stout (1860-1944) 和 Josiah Royce (1855-1916) 提出，但在最近的文献中被忽视了。在本文中，我将阐述 Stumpf 的注意力观点，将其追溯到亚里士多德的根源，并为 Stout 和 Royce 提供的版本辩护。在这个版本中，一种新的感觉、兴趣、价值、智力价值占据了中心舞台。