Developing advanced electrode materials is crucial for improving the electrochemical performances of proton batteries. Currently, the anodes are primarily crystalline materials which suffer from inferior cyclic stability and high electrode potential. Herein, we propose amorphous electrode materials for proton batteries by using a general ion-exchange protocol to introduce multivalent metal cations for activating the host material. Taking Al³⁺ as an example, theoretical and experimental analysis demonstrates electrostatic interaction between metal cations and lattice oxygen, which is the primary barrier for direct introduction of the multivalent cations, is effectively weakened through ion exchange between Al³⁺ and pre-intercalated K⁺. The as-prepared Al-MoO_x anode therefore delivered a remarkable capacity and outstanding cycling stability that outperforms most of the state-of-the-art counterparts. The assembled full cell also achieved a high voltage of 1.37 V. This work opens up new opportunities for developing high-performance electrodes of proton batteries by introducing amorphous materials.

开发先进的电极材料对于提高质子电池的电化学性能至关重要。目前，阳极主要是晶体材料，其循环稳定性差且电极电势高。在此，我们提出了用于质子电池的非晶电极材料，通过使用通用的离子交换方案引入多价金属阳离子来激活主体材料。以Al ³⁺为例，理论和实验分析表明，金属阳离子与晶格氧之间的静电相互作用是直接引入多价阳离子的主要障碍，通过Al ³⁺与预插层K之间的离子交换，有效削弱了金属阳离子与晶格氧之间的静电相互作用。 ⁺ . 因此，所制备的 Al-MoO _x阳极具有卓越的容量和出色的循环稳定性，优于大多数最先进的同类产品。组装的全电池还实现了 1.37 V 的高电压。这项工作为通过引入非晶材料开发高性能质子电池电极开辟了新的机会。