Developing regional voluntary carbon markets for peatlands: innovation processes and influencing factors,Climate Policy

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Developing regional voluntary carbon markets for peatlands: innovation processes and influencing factors
Climate Policy ( IF 6.056 ) Pub Date : 2022-12-21 , DOI: 10.1080/14693062.2022.2160300
Cheng Chen ₁ , Lasse Loft ₁ , Claudia Sattler ₁ , Bettina Matzdorf _{1,

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Affiliation

ABSTRACT

Integrating peatland restoration measures with climate policy is critical for meeting climate targets, but the current policies often fall short of utilizing the large potential that exists. Despite growing private sector interest, few regional voluntary carbon markets for peatlands have emerged worldwide. In this study, we explore three pioneering examples from Europe. From the perspective of social innovation, we aim to provide clarity on how these innovations emerged and developed, which actors drove the innovation process by assuming which roles, and which factors fostered or hindered the development. We do so by mapping the innovation process using Process Net-Map. The results show that all three cases have followed remarkably similar patterns in their innovation processes. Four phases, i.e. preparation, definition, refinement, and up-scaling were identified, as were actors’ roles as innovators, promoters, intermediaries, implementers, and knowledge providers. However, the case studies are very different with regard to which actor constellation drove the innovation process: MoorFutures is driven by public and scientific actors, Valuta vor Veen is promoted by civil society actors in consultation with practitioners, and Hiilipörssi shifted from civil society to private actors. The governance modes, that is, actor constellation and their goals, have led to differences in concept, robustness of methodology, mitigation measure, and possibly potential for up-scaling. Our study indicates that the timing of interventions when actors with certain roles stepped in can accelerate the innovation process. Important political, economic, technical, and social factors influencing the innovation process, especially knowledge and trust accumulated between some key actors, are outlined.

Key policy insights

Private funding for regional voluntary carbon markets (VCMs) can tap the climate mitigation potential from peatlands, which is not currently adequately addressed by governments.
Actor constellation drove the innovation process, leading to different concepts, methodologies, and mitigation measures.
The timing of interventions by actors, notably providing seed funding, network, expertise and visibility, was critical for success.
Building trust for regional VCMs requires not only a robust methodology to calculate emission reductions but also partnership and endorsement.
The future development of climate policy on peatlands could be a decisive factor in regional VCMs.

中文翻译：

发展泥炭地区域自愿碳市场：创新过程和影响因素

摘要

将泥炭地恢复措施与气候政策相结合对于实现气候目标至关重要，但目前的政策往往无法利用现有的巨大潜力。尽管私营部门的兴趣越来越大，但世界范围内很少出现泥炭地区域自愿碳市场。在这项研究中，我们探索了来自欧洲的三个开创性例子。从社会创新的角度来看，我们旨在阐明这些创新是如何出现和发展的，哪些参与者通过承担哪些角色推动了创新过程，以及哪些因素促进或阻碍了发展。为此，我们使用 Process Net-Map 绘制创新流程。结果表明，所有三个案例在其创新过程中都遵循了非常相似的模式。准备、定义、细化四个阶段，确定了升级和扩大规模，以及参与者作为创新者、推动者、中介者、实施者和知识提供者的角色。然而，关于哪个参与者群推动创新过程的案例研究有很大不同：MoorFutures 由公共和科学参与者驱动，Valuta vor Veen 由民间社会参与者与从业者协商推动，而 Hiilipörssi 从民间社会转向私人演员。治理模式，即参与者群及其目标，导致了概念、方法的稳健性、缓解措施以及可能的升级潜力方面的差异。我们的研究表明，当具有特定角色的参与者介入时，干预的时机可以加速创新过程。重要的政治、经济、技术、