Using evidence from underused manuscript and archaeological material as well as printed texts, the author demonstrates that the early Virginia plantation was far from a disaster. Focusing on the period 1609–1618, the author situates the colony within the globally connected environments of early modern trade and empire. The author reveals how the expectations of the colony's proponents were met on a variety of levels, and the colony was successfully undertaken through the mediation of global pressures and English corporate culture within the specific local spaces of North America. The Virginia plantation was self-sufficient, economically diverse, and integrated conceptually and practically into the wider activities of its investors and leadership. Through this interpretation, this article contributes to the understanding of practices of colonization in early modern America and the connectedness of English overseas activities and the awareness of the Virginia Company participants’ of the colony's place within wider, global economies.

中文翻译：

---

重新诠释弗吉尼亚种植园，1609-1618 年

作者使用未充分利用的手稿和考古材料以及印刷文本作为证据，证明早期的弗吉尼亚种植园远非灾难。着眼于 1609 年至 1618 年期间，作者将殖民地置于早期现代贸易和帝国的全球互联环境中。作者揭示了殖民地支持者的期望是如何在各个层面上得到满足的，并且殖民地是如何通过北美特定地方空间内的全球压力和英国企业文化的调解而成功开展的。弗吉尼亚种植园自给自足，经济多样化，并在概念上和实践上融入了其投资者和领导层的更广泛活动。通过这种解读，