In the era of 5G and the Internet of things (IoTs), various human–computer interaction systems based on the integration of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and IoTs technologies demonstrate the feasibility of sustainable and self-powered functional systems. The rapid development of intelligent applications of IoTs based on TENGs mainly relies on supplying the harvested mechanical energy from surroundings and implementing active sensing, which have greatly changed the way of human production and daily life. This review mainly introduced the TENG applications in multidiscipline scenarios of IoTs, including smart agriculture, smart industry, smart city, emergency monitoring, and machine learning-assisted artificial intelligence applications. The challenges and future research directions of TENG toward IoTs have also been proposed. The extensive developments and applications of TENG will push forward the IoTs into an energy autonomy fashion.

在5G和物联网（IoT）时代，基于摩擦纳米发电机（TENG）和物联网技术集成的各种人机交互系统展示了可持续和自供电功能系统的可行性。基于TENG的物联网智能应用快速发展，主要依靠从周围环境获取机械能并实施主动传感，极大地改变了人类的生产和日常生活方式。本综述主要介绍了TENG在物联网多学科场景中的应用，包括智慧农业、智慧工业、智慧城市、应急监测以及机器学习辅助的人工智能应用。还提出了TENG对物联网的挑战和未来的研究方向。TENG的广泛发展和应用将推动物联网走向能源自治时尚。