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Continuity and Stability of Child and Adolescent Depressive Symptoms in South Korea: A Meta-analysis of Longitudinal Studies
Journal of Youth and Adolescence ( IF 5.625 ) Pub Date : 2022-12-05 , DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01709-y
Sookyoung Son 1 , Hyunjung Lee 2 , Yoona Jang 2
Affiliation  

Many adolescents in South Korea experience risk-level depressive symptoms due to stress caused by personal and environmental changes. Prior studies investigated various characteristics of depressive symptoms. However, it is unclear when the mean level of depression changes with the development of children and adolescents and whether it is stable relative to one another over time. Thus, it is necessary to closely understand the continuity and stability of depressive symptoms across developmental stages in children and adolescents. In this study, continuity refers to the consistency in a group’s mean level of depressive symptoms over time; however, stability refers to the consistency in the relative placement of the levels of depressive symptoms of individuals within a group over time. To comprehensively understand previous studies, this meta-analysis compiled data from 95 South Korean longitudinal studies (N = 200,338; 49.7% females) published between 2000 and 2021. Data were analyzed using a three-level random effects model with a 1-year interval for each age group to integrate effect sizes, followed by a generalized additive mixed model integrating age as a continuous variable. The results indicate that the mean-level continuity of depressive symptoms was relatively high and the rank-order stability was low for the children in elementary school (including both upper and lower grades). Additionally, as the adolescents aged, the mean-level continuity of depressive symptoms slightly decreased while stability increased. When entering early adulthood, the continuity and stability of depressive symptoms converged without significant change. As a result of moderating effect, the female-only group indicated a high level of continuity and stability than the male-only or mixed group. The findings highlight that South Korean childhood is a period of relatively high continuity and low stability. Moreover, female students’ depressive symptoms fluctuate more than those of males, suggesting the need for providing effective and appropriate help.



中文翻译:

韩国儿童和青少年抑郁症状的连续性和稳定性:纵向研究的荟萃分析

由于个人和环境变化引起的压力,韩国的许多青少年会出现风险级别的抑郁症状。先前的研究调查了抑郁症状的各种特征。然而,尚不清楚抑郁的平均水平何时会随着儿童和青少年的发育而变化,以及随着时间的推移它是否相对稳定。因此,有必要密切了解儿童和青少年抑郁症状在各个发育阶段的连续性和稳定性。在这项研究中,连续性是指随着时间的推移,一组人抑郁症状的平均水平的一致性;然而,稳定性是指随着时间的推移,一个群体中个体抑郁症状水平的相对位置的一致性。为了全面了解以往的研究, = 200,338;49.7% 的女性)发表于 2000 年至 2021 年之间。使用三级随机效应模型对数据进行分析,每个年龄组的间隔为 1 年以整合效应量,然后使用广义加性混合模型将年龄整合为连续变量。结果表明,小学(包括高年级和低年级)儿童抑郁症状的平均水平连续性较高,排序稳定性较低。此外,随着青少年年龄的增长,抑郁症状的平均水平连续性略有下降,而稳定性增加。进入成年早期,抑郁症状的连续性和稳定性收敛,无明显变化。由于调节作用,仅女性组比仅男性组或混合组表现出更高水平的连续性和稳定性。研究结果强调,韩国儿童时期是一个连续性相对较高、稳定性较低的时期。此外,女学生的抑郁症状波动幅度大于男学生,表明需要提供有效和适当的帮助。

更新日期:2022-12-06
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