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Inference about quantitative traits under selection: a Bayesian revisitation for the post-genomic era
Genetics Selection Evolution ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2022-12-02 , DOI: 10.1186/s12711-022-00765-z
Daniel Gianola 1 , Rohan L Fernando 2 , Chris C Schön 3
Affiliation  

Selection schemes distort inference when estimating differences between treatments or genetic associations between traits, and may degrade prediction of outcomes, e.g., the expected performance of the progeny of an individual with a certain genotype. If input and output measurements are not collected on random samples, inferences and predictions must be biased to some degree. Our paper revisits inference in quantitative genetics when using samples stemming from some selection process. The approach used integrates the classical notion of fitness with that of missing data. Treatment is fully Bayesian, with inference and prediction dealt with, in an unified manner. While focus is on animal and plant breeding, concepts apply to natural selection as well. Examples based on real data and stylized models illustrate how selection can be accounted for in four different situations, and sometimes without success. Our flexible “soft selection” setting helps to diagnose the extent to which selection can be ignored. The clear connection between probability of missingness and the concept of fitness in stylized selection scenarios is highlighted. It is not realistic to assume that a fixed selection threshold t holds in conceptual replication, as the chance of selection depends on observed and unobserved data, and on unequal amounts of information over individuals, aspects that a “soft” selection representation addresses explicitly. There does not seem to be a general prescription to accommodate potential distortions due to selection. In structures that combine cross-sectional, longitudinal and multi-trait data such as in animal breeding, balance is the exception rather than the rule. The Bayesian approach provides an integrated answer to inference, prediction and model choice under selection that goes beyond the likelihood-based approach, where breeding values are inferred indirectly. The approach used here for inference and prediction under selection may or may not yield the best possible answers. One may believe that selection has been accounted for diligently, but the central problem of whether statistical inferences are good or bad does not have an unambiguous solution. On the other hand, the quality of predictions can be gauged empirically via appropriate training-testing of competing methods.

中文翻译:

选择下数量性状的推断:后基因组时代的贝叶斯重访

在估计处理之间的差异或性状之间的遗传关联时,选择方案会扭曲推论,并且可能会降低结果的预测,例如,具有特定基因型的个体后代的预期表现。如果输入和输出测量值不是在随机样本上收集的,则推论和预测必须有一定程度的偏差。当使用来自某些选择过程的样本时,我们的论文重新审视了数量遗传学的推断。使用的方法将经典的适应度概念与缺失数据的概念相结合。处理完全是贝叶斯,以统一的方式处理推理和预测。虽然重点是动植物育种,但概念也适用于自然选择。基于真实数据和程式化模型的示例说明了如何在四种不同情况下解释选择,但有时并不成功。我们灵活的“软选择”设置有助于诊断可以忽略选择的程度。强调了程式化选择场景中缺失概率与适应度概念之间的明确联系。假设固定的选择阈值 t 在概念复制中成立是不现实的,因为选择的机会取决于观察到的和未观察到的数据,以及个人信息量的不等量,“软”选择表示明确解决的方面。似乎没有一个通用的处方来适应由于选择而导致的潜在扭曲。在结合横截面的结构中,纵向和多性状数据,如动物育种,平衡是例外而不是规则。贝叶斯方法为选择下的推理、预测和模型选择提供了一个综合的答案,超越了基于可能性的方法,其中育种值是间接推断的。此处用于在选择下进行推理和预测的方法可能会或可能不会产生最佳答案。人们可能认为选择已被认真考虑,但统计推断是好是坏的核心问题并没有明确的解决方案。另一方面,预测的质量可以通过对竞争方法进行适当的训练测试来凭经验衡量。贝叶斯方法为选择下的推理、预测和模型选择提供了一个综合的答案,超越了基于可能性的方法,其中育种值是间接推断的。此处用于在选择下进行推理和预测的方法可能会或可能不会产生最佳答案。人们可能认为选择已被认真考虑,但统计推断是好是坏的核心问题并没有明确的解决方案。另一方面,预测的质量可以通过对竞争方法进行适当的训练测试来凭经验衡量。贝叶斯方法为选择下的推理、预测和模型选择提供了一个综合的答案,超越了基于可能性的方法,其中育种值是间接推断的。此处用于在选择下进行推理和预测的方法可能会或可能不会产生最佳答案。人们可能认为选择已被认真考虑,但统计推断是好是坏的核心问题并没有明确的解决方案。另一方面,预测的质量可以通过对竞争方法进行适当的训练测试来凭经验衡量。此处用于在选择下进行推理和预测的方法可能会或可能不会产生最佳答案。人们可能认为选择已被认真考虑,但统计推断是好是坏的核心问题并没有明确的解决方案。另一方面,预测的质量可以通过对竞争方法进行适当的训练测试来凭经验衡量。此处用于在选择下进行推理和预测的方法可能会或可能不会产生最佳答案。人们可能认为选择已被认真考虑,但统计推断是好是坏的核心问题并没有明确的解决方案。另一方面,预测的质量可以通过对竞争方法进行适当的训练测试来凭经验衡量。
更新日期:2022-12-02
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