The raceway dynamics and combustion by lateral injection of high-temperature gas into a packed bed of solid fuel are widely practised in various industries such as ironmaking blast furnace (BF), yet the particle-scale simulation and understanding were hindered by low resolution and huge computational cost. In this work, an advanced reactive computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (rCFD-DEM) featuring two state-of-the-art techniques - coarse-grained method and smoothing method is developed to describe raceway dynamics and coke combustion in a three-dimensional (3D) industrial-scale BF. The model is validated against the measurements in the open literature. The simulation results show that the smoothing method can more reliably capture raceway morphology and the coarse-grained treatment reduces 78.14% computational costs under the given conditions. The typical phenomena are illustrated in terms of raceway shape and size, temperature field and gas species distributions. Then, the effect of the key operating parameters is quantified in terms of raceway size, gas temperature and species distribution. The comparisons indicate increasing the blast rate from 2.78 Nm³/s to 3.05 Nm³/s and oxygen mass fraction from 0.17 to 0.27, the raceway volume expands by 61.11% and 47.62%, respectively; moreover lower blast velocity, higher bed temperature and higher oxygen mass fraction lead to higher temperature distribution and higher CO concentration. The present work provides a cost-effective tool for understanding and optimizing raceway operation in practical BFs.

高温气体侧向注入固体燃料填充床的滚道动力学和燃烧在炼铁高炉 (BF) 等各个行业得到广泛应用，但颗粒尺度的模拟和理解因分辨率低和体积庞大而受到阻碍计算成本。在这项工作中，开发了一种先进的反应计算流体动力学 - 离散元方法 (rCFD-DEM)，采用两种最先进的技术 - 粗粒度方法和平滑方法，用于描述三元组中的滚道动力学和焦炭燃烧。三维 (3D) 工业规模 BF。该模型根据公开文献中的测量值进行了验证。仿真结果表明，平滑方法可以更可靠地捕获滚道形态，粗粒度处理减少了 78。给定条件下的计算成本为 14%。典型现象用滚道形状和尺寸、温度场和气体种类分布来说明。然后，根据滚道尺寸、气体温度和物质分布量化关键运行参数的影响。比较表明爆炸率从 2.78 Nm³ /s提高到3.05 Nm ³ /s，氧质量分数从0.17提高到0.27，滚道体积分别膨胀61.11%和47.62%；此外，较低的鼓风速度、较高的床层温度和较高的氧气质量分数会导致较高的温度分布和较高的 CO 浓度。目前的工作为理解和优化实际高炉中的管道运行提供了一种经济高效的工具。