Abstract. Fertilization managements have important impacts on soil P transformation, turnover, and bioavailability. Thus, long-term fertilization experiments (~38 years) with the application of different inorganic and organic fertilizers in paddy red soils were conducted to determine their effect on P pool accumulation and microbial communities, especially for phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM). Long-term inorganic P fertilization increased the concentrations of total P (~479 mg/kg), available P (~417 mg/kg), and inorganic P (~18 mg/kg), but manure fertilization accelerated the accumulation of organic P, especially for orthophosphate monoesters (e.g. myo-IHP, ~12 mg/kg). Long-term mineral fertilization decreased bacterial richness, evenness, and complexation of bacterial networks. In contrast, long-term manure fertilization and rhizosphere accumulated more amounts of total carbon, total nitrogen, and organic carbon, as well as regulated the soil pH, thus improving the separation of bacterial communities. Unlike bacteria, the responses of fungi to those factors were not sensitive. Furthermore, PSM compositions were greatly influenced by fertilization managements and rhizosphere. For example, inorganic P fertilization increased the abundance of Thiobacillus (i.e. the most abundant phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) in this study) and shifted the community structure of PSB. Correspondingly, the concentrations of inorganic and total P were the key factors for the variation of PSB community structure. These findings are beneficial for understanding P accumulation, responses of PSB, and soil P sustainable fertility under different fertilization strategies.

中文翻译：

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长期矿肥施肥对水稻红壤磷物质积累和溶磷微生物的作用

摘要。施肥管理对土壤磷转化、周转和生物利用度有重要影响。因此，进行了在水稻红壤中施用不同无机和有机肥料的长期施肥实验（约 38 年），以确定它们对磷库积累和微生物群落的影响，尤其是对解磷微生物 (PSM) 的影响。长期无机磷施肥增加了总磷（~479 mg/kg）、有效磷（~417 mg/kg）和无机磷（~18 mg/kg）的浓度，但粪肥施肥加速了有机磷的积累，尤其是正磷酸单酯（例如 myo-IHP，~12 mg/kg）。长期的矿物施肥降低了细菌网络的细菌丰富度、均匀度和复合度。相比之下，长期施肥和根际积累更多的总碳、总氮和有机碳，调节土壤pH值，从而改善细菌群落的分离。与细菌不同，真菌对这些因素的反应并不敏感。此外，PSM 组成受施肥管理和根际影响很大。例如，无机磷施肥增加了硫杆菌（即本研究中最丰富的磷酸盐溶解细菌 (PSB)）并改变了 PSB 的群落结构。相应地，无机磷和全磷浓度是影响PSB群落结构变化的关键因素。这些发现有助于理解不同施肥策略下磷的积累、PSB 的响应以及土壤磷的可持续肥力。