In the last two years, studies on SnO₂ preparation and optimization have proved to be effective paths toward the Schottky limit of perovskite solar cells. Herein, we used an electrochemical deposition method to obtain polycrystalline SnO₂ film at room temperature for the first time. The method has the advantage of simplicity and efficiency using electrochemistry to realize deposition, adsorption, and protection of the SnO₂ film, avoiding a more complex regulation process than the chemical bath deposition method. Benefiting from the optimization process, the method could achieve adjustable work function of the SnO₂ film by controlling the pH of the electrolyte, which is conducive for reducing mismatched energy levels between the SnO₂ film and the perovskite layer. Besides, the obtained SnO₂ film is densely and uniformly distributed along the substrate profile, leading to better light transmission. More importantly, this method can be applied to prepare SnO₂ film on large area and flexible substrates. Finally, the device based on SnO₂ film prepared with pH = 1 electrolyte achieves the highest performance of 22.85%, which is higher than that of the device based on the commercial colloidal dispersion SnO₂ film (21.72%). These multi-advantages of the method make it competitive for future commercialization.

中文翻译：

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功函数可调的室温电化学沉积多晶 SnO2 用于高效钙钛矿太阳能电池

在过去两年中，对 SnO ₂制备和优化的研究被证明是实现钙钛矿太阳能电池肖特基极限的有效途径。在此，我们首次采用电化学沉积法在室温下获得了多晶SnO _2薄膜。该方法使用电化学实现SnO ₂薄膜的沉积、吸附和保护，简单高效，避免了比化学浴沉积法更复杂的调节过程。得益于优化工艺，该方法可以通过控制电解液的pH值实现SnO ₂薄膜功函数的可调，有利于减少SnO 2 薄膜之间的不匹配能级₂薄膜和钙钛矿层。此外，所得SnO ₂薄膜沿基板轮廓致密均匀分布，透光性更好。更重要的是，该方法可用于在大面积柔性基板上制备SnO ₂薄膜。最后，基于pH = 1电解质制备的SnO ₂薄膜的器件实现了最高性能22.85%，高于基于商业胶体分散SnO ₂薄膜的器件（21.72%）。该方法的这些多重优势使其在未来的商业化中具有竞争力。