OBJECTIVE Although nonsuicidal self-injury is a public health concern, there is little information on how it changes across adolescence or what contributes to stability or change. We aimed to identify trajectories of stability and change in self-injury from ages 13 to 17 years, and to identify interpersonal and intrapersonal correlates that differentiate between trajectories of stability and change. METHOD We used five annual waves of cohort-sequential data, targeting 7th and 8th graders attending all public schools in three municipalities in central Sweden. The data were gathered via questionnaires, using a multi-item measure of non-suicidal self-injury and assessing negative experiences at home, in school, with peers, and in romantic settings, as well as intrapersonal issues (internalizing symptoms and difficulties with emotional, and behavioral regulation). The analytic sample was 3195 adolescents (51.7% boys, 48.3% girls; ages 12-16 years at T1, M = 13.61; SD = 0.66), most of whom were born in Sweden (88.6%) to at least one parent of Swedish origin (77.4%). RESULTS Latent growth curve modeling revealed three self-injury trajectories: a stable-low, a low-increasing, and an increasing-decreasing trajectory. Adolescents in the stable-low class reported the best overall adjustment at ages 13 and 16. Comparatively, adolescents in the other two classes reported similar levels of difficulty interpersonally and intrapersonally. Where they differed, the increase-decrease class fared worse than the low-increasing class. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests the need to frame self-injury as having multiple directions of development during adolescence and develop theory that aligns with differential patterns of self-injury development.

中文翻译：

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青春期非自杀性自伤的轨迹。

目的 尽管非自杀性自伤是一个公共卫生问题，但关于它在整个青春期如何变化或什么有助于稳定或变化的信息很少。我们旨在确定 13 至 17 岁期间自伤的稳定性和变化轨迹，并确定区分稳定性和变化轨迹的人际关系和人际关系。方法 我们使用了五个年度队列顺序数据，目标是瑞典中部三个城市所有公立学校的七年级和八年级学生。数据是通过问卷收集的，使用非自杀性自伤的多项目测量，并评估在家里、学校、同龄人和浪漫环境中的负面经历，以及个人内部问题（内化症状和情绪困难） , 和行为规范）。分析样本为 3195 名青少年（51.7% 男孩，48.3% 女孩；T1 年龄在 12-16 岁之间，M = 13.61；SD = 0.66），其中大多数出生在瑞典 (88.6%)，父母中至少有一位是瑞典人产地 (77.4%)。结果 潜在增长曲线建模揭示了三种自伤轨迹：稳定-低、低增加和增加-减少轨迹。稳定低班的青少年在 13 岁和 16 岁时整体调整最好。相比之下，其他两个班级的青少年在人际交往和自我反思方面的困难程度相似。在他们不同的地方，增加减少的阶层比低增加的阶层表现更差。