Electrochemically converting CO₂ (CO₂ reduction reaction(CO₂RR)) to value-added fuels is an advanced technology to effectively alleviate global warming and the energy crisis. However, thermodynamically high energy barriers, sluggish reaction kinetics, and inadequate CO₂ conversion rate as well as poor selectivity of target products and rapid materials degradation severely limit its further large-scale application, which highlights the importance of high-performance electrocatalysts. Metal nanomaterials, due to their intrinsically high but still insufficient reactivity, selectivity, and stability, have been brought to the forefront and have lead to many reviews from various points of view. However, reviews which comprehensively unravel the importance and excellence of specific metal nanostructures and their associated properties for CO₂RR are quite limited. To bridge this gap, various specific monometal and bimetal nanostructures are summarized, with an emphasis on the deep understanding of crystal orientation, surface structure, surface crystallography, surface modification, and many associated effects benefiting from the constructed specific metal nanostructures as well as the intrinsic relationships of specific metal nanostructure-property-CO₂RR activities. Finally, the challenges and the perspectives to advance CO₂RR are proposed to pay particularly more attention to architecture evolution during CO₂RR with in situ/operando techniques, high-throughput theoretical computations, and facile synthetic strategies with high yield and production for scale-up applications.

中文翻译：

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用于电化学 CO2 还原的特定金属纳米结构：最新进展和展望

_{将CO 2} (CO ₂还原反应(CO ₂ RR))电化学转化为增值燃料是一项有效缓解全球变暖和能源危机的先进技术。然而，热力学上的高能垒、缓慢的反应动力学和不足的 CO ₂转化率高以及目标产物的选择性差和材料快速降解严重限制了其进一步大规模应用，这凸显了高性能电催化剂的重要性。金属纳米材料，由于其固有的高反应性、选择性和稳定性，但仍然不足，已被推到前沿，并从各种角度引起了许多评论。然而，全面揭示特定金属纳米结构及其相关特性对 CO _{2的重要性和卓越性的评论}RR 非常有限。为了弥合这一差距，总结了各种特定的单金属和双金属纳米结构，重点是深入了解晶体取向、表面结构、表面结晶学、表面改性以及受益于构建的特定金属纳米结构和内在特性的许多相关效应。特定金属纳米结构-性质-CO ₂ RR活性的关系。最后，提出了推进 CO ₂ RR 的挑战和前景，以特别关注 CO ₂ RR 期间的结构演变，采用原位/操作技术、高通量理论计算以及具有高产率和规模化生产的简便合成策略向上的应用程序。