Considering the growing concern of iron and folic acid deficiency, encapsulation of these nutrients and fortification into foods is emerging as an effective counter-strategy. The present work focuses on a scalable approach for the production of iron, ascorbic acid, and folic acid core-shell encapsulates using novel 3-fluid nozzle (3FN) spray drying with whey protein as core and either pectin or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as shell polymers. The effect of shell formation was observed by comparing core-shell encapsulates with conventional 2-fluid nozzle (2FN) encapsulates. Also, the effect of pH of whey protein on the color of encapsulates is noteworthy; reducing the pH to 4.0 significantly improved the lightness value (52.91±0.13) when compared with the encapsulates with native pH (38.91±0.58). Furthermore, sample with pectin as shell polymer exhibited fair flowability with lowest values of Hausner ratio (1.25±0.04) and Carr’s index (20.06±2.71) and highest encapsulation efficiency for folic acid (86.07±5.24). Whereas, encapsulates having HPMC as shell polymer showed highest lightness value (60.80±0.32) and highest encapsulation efficiency for iron (87.28±4.15). The formation of core-shell structure was confirmed by evaluation of the surface composition which showed reduced amine bonds and increased aliphatic and carbonyl bonds in the encapsulates prepared by 3FN spray drying. The encapsulates prepared without adjusting whey protein pH showed the least release (∼51% in 24 hours) and bioaccessibility (∼56%) of iron indicating the iron-whey protein complex formation. Based on appearance, smooth surface morphology, flowability and release behavior, a combination of whey protein and pectin is recommended for co-encapsulation of iron, folic acid and ascorbic acid.

考虑到对铁和叶酸缺乏症的日益关注，将这些营养素包裹并强化到食品中正在成为一种有效的应对策略。目前的工作重点是使用新型三流体喷嘴 (3FN) 喷雾干燥生产铁、抗坏血酸和叶酸核壳包封的可扩展方法，以乳清蛋白为核心，果胶或羟丙基甲基纤维素 (HPMC) 作为壳聚合物。通过比较核-壳封装与传统的 2 流体喷嘴 (2FN) 封装，观察了壳形成的影响。此外，乳清蛋白的 pH 值对胶囊颜色的影响也值得注意；与天然 pH 值 (38.91±0.58) 的包封物相比，将 pH 值降低至 4.0 可显着提高亮度值 (52.91±0.13)。此外，以果胶为壳聚合物的样品表现出良好的流动性，豪斯纳比值最低（1.25±0.04）和卡尔指数（20.06±2.71），叶酸的包封率最高（86.07±5.24）。而具有 HPMC 作为壳聚合物的封装显示出最高的亮度值 (60.80±0.32) 和最高的铁封装效率 (87.28±4.15)。核-壳结构的形成通过表面组成的评估得到证实，表面组成表明 3FN 喷雾干燥制备的包封物中胺键减少，脂肪族和羰基键增加。在不调整乳清蛋白 pH 值的情况下制备的包封物显示铁的释放最少（24 小时内约 51%）和生物可及性（约 56%），表明铁-乳清蛋白复合物的形成。基于外观、光滑表面形态、流动性和释放行为，