Immune cells are being engineered to recognize and respond to disease states, acting as a “living drug” when transferred into patients. Therapies based on engineered immune cells are now a clinical reality, with multiple engineered T cell therapies approved for treatment of hematologic malignancies. Ongoing preclinical and clinical studies are testing diverse strategies to modify the fate and function of immune cells for applications in cancer, infectious disease, and beyond. Here, we discuss current progress in treating human disease with immune cell therapeutics, emerging strategies for immune cell engineering, and challenges facing the field, with a particular emphasis on the treatment of cancer, where the most effort has been applied to date.

中文翻译：

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工程免疫细胞疗法的未来

免疫细胞正在被改造以识别和应对疾病状态，在转移到患者体内时充当“活药”。基于工程化免疫细胞的疗法现已成为临床现实，多种工程化 T 细胞疗法已获准用于治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤。正在进行的临床前和临床研究正在测试多种策略来改变免疫细胞的命运和功能，以应用于癌症、传染病等。在这里，我们讨论了用免疫细胞疗法治疗人类疾病的当前进展、免疫细胞工程的新兴策略以及该领域面临的挑战，特别强调了迄​​今为止付出最多努力的癌症治疗。