Given that anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions must be immediately reduced to avoid drastic increases in global temperature, methane emissions have been placed center stage in the fight against climate change. Methane has a significantly larger warming potential than carbon dioxide. A large percentage of methane emissions are in the form of industry emissions, some of which can now be readily identified and mitigated. This review considers recent advances in methane detection that allow accurate and transparent monitoring, which are needed for reducing uncertainty in source attribution and evaluating progress in emissions reductions. A particular focus is on complementary methods operating at different scales with applications for the oil and gas industry, allowing rapid detection of large point sources and addressing inconsistencies of emissions inventories. Emerging airborne and satellite imaging spectrometers are advancing our understanding and offer new top-down assessment methods to complement bottom-up methods. Successfully merging estimates across scales is vital for increased certainty regarding greenhouse gas emissions and can inform regulatory decisions. The development of comprehensive, transparent, and spatially resolved top-down and bottom-up inventories will be crucial for holding nations accountable for their climate commitments.

中文翻译：

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透明甲烷排放监测的最新进展：回顾

鉴于必须立即减少人为温室气体 (GHG) 排放以避免全球温度急剧升高，甲烷排放已成为应对气候变化的中心舞台。甲烷比二氧化碳具有更大的变暖潜能。甲烷排放的很大一部分是以工业排放的形式出现的，其中一些现在可以很容易地识别和减少。本综述考虑了甲烷检测的最新进展，这些进展允许进行准确和透明的监测，这是减少来源归属的不确定性和评估减排进展所必需的。特别关注在石油和天然气行业的应用程序中以不同规模运行的互补方法，允许快速检测大型点源并解决排放清单的不一致问题。新兴的机载和卫星成像光谱仪正在推进我们的理解，并提供新的自上而下的评估方法来补充自下而上的方法。成功合并跨尺度的估计对于提高温室气体排放的确定性至关重要，并且可以为监管决策提供信息。开发全面、透明和空间分辨的自上而下和自下而上的清单对于让各国对其气候承诺负责至关重要。成功合并跨尺度的估计对于提高温室气体排放的确定性至关重要，并且可以为监管决策提供信息。开发全面、透明和空间分辨的自上而下和自下而上的清单对于让各国对其气候承诺负责至关重要。成功合并跨尺度的估计对于提高温室气体排放的确定性至关重要，并且可以为监管决策提供信息。开发全面、透明和空间分辨的自上而下和自下而上的清单对于让各国对其气候承诺负责至关重要。