A high sulfur loading is an essential prerequisite for the practical application of lithium–sulfur batteries. However, it will inevitably exacerbate the shuttling effect and slow down the polysulfide conversion kinetics. To obtain desirable electrochemical performance at a high level of sulfur loading, the adsorption and catalysis dual strategies are widely reported to solve the severe shuttling effect and sluggish reaction kinetics issues. This review mainly summarizes the research on lithium–sulfur batteries with a high sulfur loading (>5 mg cm^–2) based on adsorption–catalysis dual promotion strategies. Specifically, we review the principle and technical challenges for lithium–sulfur batteries and recent advancements in electrode materials with adsorption and catalysis design, as well as the potential approaches and suggestions for constructing next-generation lithium–sulfur batteries at a high level of sulfur loading. This review will provide practical guidance for lithium–sulfur batteries with high energy density and power density under a high sulfur loading and offer a better reference for researchers to choose adsorbents and catalysts.

中文翻译：

---

高负载锂硫电池的策略

高硫负载量是锂硫电池实际应用的必要先决条件。然而，这将不可避免地加剧穿梭效应并减慢多硫化物的转化动力学。为了在高硫负载水平下获得理想的电化学性能，吸附和催化双重策略被广泛报道以解决严重的穿梭效应和缓慢的反应动力学问题。本综述主要总结了高硫载量（>5 mg cm ^{–2 ）锂硫电池的研究}) 基于吸附-催化双重促进策略。具体而言，我们回顾了锂硫电池的原理和技术挑战，以及吸附和催化设计的电极材料的最新进展，以及构建下一代高载硫锂硫电池的潜在途径和建议. 该综述将为高硫负载下具有高能量密度和功率密度的锂硫电池提供实用指导，并为研究人员选择吸附剂和催化剂提供更好的参考。