Second language (L2) listening comprehension is a function of many variables. We focused on metacognitive awareness, which we measured using the Metacognitive Awareness Listening Questionnaire (MALQ; Vandergrift et al., 2006), and meta-analyzed (a) the factor structure of the MALQ and (b) the relationship between metacognitive awareness and L2 listening comprehension. We used meta-analytic structural equation modeling to synthesize 29 studies that provided Pearson's product-moment correlation matrices from 4,574 learners. Results showed (a) that the MALQ measured metacognitive awareness as a single factor with five subcomponents (their interrelationship and relative contribution to metacognitive awareness varied) and (b) that metacognitive awareness explained listening comprehension (b^* = .306). The results were moderated by publication type, the response format of listening comprehension tests, and participant type. The findings can help researchers to better conceptualize the construct of metacognitive awareness in relation to listening comprehension as well as to score metacognitive awareness.

中文翻译：

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检查第二语言听力和元认知意识：元分析结构方程建模方法

第二语言 (L2) 听力理解是许多变量的函数。我们重点关注元认知意识，使用元认知意识听力问卷（MALQ；Vandergrift et al., 2006）进行测量，并元分析了 (a) MALQ 的因素结构和 (b) 元认知意识与 L2 之间的关系听力理解。我们使用元分析结构方程模型综合了 29 项研究，这些研究提供了来自 4,574 名学习者的 Pearson 乘积矩相关矩阵。结果显示 (a) MALQ 将元认知意识作为具有五个子成分的单一因素进行测量（它们的相互关系和对元认知意识的相对贡献各不相同），以及 (b) 元认知意识解释了听力理解 ( b ^*=.306）。结果根据出版物类型、听力理解测试的回答格式和参与者类型进行调节。这些发现可以帮助研究人员更好地概念化与听力理解相关的元认知意识的构造，并对元认知意识进行评分。