The effect of nonacylated and acylated anthocyanins on urinary metabolites in diabetic rats was investigated. Nonacylated anthocyanins extract from bilberries (NAAB) or acylated anthocyanins extract from purple potatoes (AAPP) was given to Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats for 8 weeks at daily doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight. ¹H NMR metabolomics was applied to study alterations in urinary metabolites from three time points (weeks 1, 4, and 8). Both types of anthocyanins modulated the metabolites associated with the tricarboxylic acid cycle, gut microbiota metabolism, and renal function at weeks 1 and 4, such as 2-oxoglutarate, fumarate, alanine, trigonelline, and hippurate. In addition, only a high dose of AAPP decreased monosaccharides, formate, lactate, and glucose levels at week 4, suggesting improvement in energy production in mitochondria, glucose homeostasis, and oxidative stress. This study suggested different impacts of AAPP and NAAB on the metabolic profile of urine in diabetes.

中文翻译：

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酰化和非酰化花青素对 Zucker 糖尿病肥胖大鼠 2 型糖尿病发展过程中尿液代谢特征的影响

研究了非酰化和酰化花青素对糖尿病大鼠尿液代谢物的影响。来自越橘的非酰化花青素提取物 (NAAB) 或来自紫薯的酰化花青素提取物 (AAPP) 以 25 和 50 mg/kg 体重的每日剂量给予 Zucker 糖尿病肥胖 (ZDF) 大鼠 8 周。^1个H NMR 代谢组学用于研究三个时间点（第 1、4 和 8 周）尿液代谢物的变化。两种类型的花青素在第 1 周和第 4 周调节与三羧酸循环、肠道微生物群代谢和肾功能相关的代谢物，例如 2-酮戊二酸、富马酸、丙氨酸、葫芦巴碱和马尿酸。此外，只有高剂量的 AAPP 才能在第 4 周降低单糖、甲酸、乳酸和葡萄糖水平，这表明线粒体能量产生、葡萄糖稳态和氧化应激得到改善。这项研究表明 AAPP 和 NAAB 对糖尿病患者尿液代谢特征的不同影响。