Model transformations are the key technique in Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) to manipulate and construct models. As a consequence, the correctness of software systems built with MDE approaches relies mainly on the correctness of model transformations, and thus, detecting and locating bugs in model transformations have been popular research topics in recent years. This surge of work has led to a vast literature on model transformation testing and debugging, which makes it challenging to gain a comprehensive view of the current state-of-the-art. This is an obstacle for newcomers to this topic and MDE practitioners to apply these approaches. This article presents a survey on testing and debugging model transformations based on the analysis of 140 papers on the topics. We explore the trends, advances, and evolution over the years, bringing together previously disparate streams of work and providing a comprehensive view of these thriving areas. In addition, we present a conceptual framework to understand and categorize the different proposals. Finally, we identify several open research challenges and propose specific action points for the model transformation community.

模型转换是模型驱动工程 (MDE) 中操纵和构建模型的关键技术。因此，利用 MDE 方法构建的软件系统的正确性主要依赖于模型转换的正确性，因此，检测和定位模型转换中的错误成为近年来的热门研究课题。工作的激增导致了大量关于模型转换测试和调试的文献，这使得全面了解当前的最新技术变得具有挑战性。对于该主题的新手和 MDE 从业者应用这些方法来说，这是一个障碍。本文基于对 140 篇有关该主题的论文的分析，对测试和调试模型转换进行了调查。我们探索多年来的趋势、进步和演变，汇集了以前不同的工作流，并提供了这些蓬勃发展领域的全面视图。此外，我们提出了一个概念框架来理解和分类不同的提案。最后，我们确定了几个开放的研究挑战，并为模型转换社区提出了具体的行动要点。