Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a type of crystalline porous polymers that possess ordered structures and eternal pores. Because of their unique structural characteristics and diverse functional groups, COFs have been used in various application fields, such as adsorption, catalysis, separation, ion conduction, and energy storage. Among COFs, the fluorine-containing COFs (fCOFs) have been developed for special applications by virtue of special physical and chemical properties resulting from fluorine element, which is a nonmetallic halogen element and possesses strong electronegativity. In the organic chemistry field, introducing fluorine into chemicals enables those chemicals to exhibit many interesting properties, and fluorine chemistry increasingly plays an important role in the history of chemical development. The introduction of fluorine in COFs can enhance the crystallinity, porosity, and stability of COFs, making COFs having superior performances and some new applications. In this review, the synthesis and application of fCOFs are systematically summarized. The application involves photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide, photocatalytic water splitting, electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction, adsorption for different substances (H₂, pesticides, per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, bisphenols, and positively charged organic dye molecules), oil−water separation, energy storage (e.g., zinc-ion batteries, lithium−sulfur batteries), and proton conduction. Perspectives of remaining challenges and possible directions for fCOFs are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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含氟共价有机骨架：合成与应用

共价有机骨架 (COF) 是一种结晶多孔聚合物，具有有序的结构和永恒的孔隙。由于其独特的结构特征和多样的官能团，COFs已被广泛应用于吸附、催化、分离、离子传导和储能等领域。在COFs中，含氟COFs(fCOFs)是一种非金属卤素元素，具有很强的电负性，由于氟元素具有特殊的物理和化学性质，因此被开发用于特殊应用。在有机化学领域，将氟引入化学品中，使这些化学品表现出许多有趣的性质，氟化学在化学发展史上的地位越来越重要。在COFs中引入氟可以提高COFs的结晶度、孔隙率和稳定性，使COFs具有更优越的性能和一些新的应用。在这篇综述中，系统地总结了fCOFs的合成和应用。应用涉及光催化生产过氧化氢、光催化水分解、电催化CO₂还原、吸附不同物质（H ₂、农药、全/多氟烷基物质、多溴联苯醚、双酚和带正电荷的有机染料分子）、油水分离、储能（如锌离子电池、锂-硫电池）和质子传导。还讨论了 fCOF 的剩余挑战和可能方向的观点。