Skyrmions have been well studied in chiral magnets and magnetic thin films due to their potential application in practical devices. Recently, monochiral skyrmions have been observed in two-dimensional van der Waals magnets. Their atomically flat surfaces and capability to be stacked into heterostructures offer new prospects for skyrmion applications. However, the controlled local nucleation of skyrmions within these materials has yet to be realized. Here, we utilize real-space X-ray microscopy to investigate a heterostructure composed of the 2D ferromagnet Fe₃GeTe₂ (FGT), an insulating hexagonal boron nitride layer, and a graphite top electrode. Upon a stepwise increase of the voltage applied between the graphite and FGT, a vertically conducting pathway can be formed. This nanocontact allows the tunable creation of individual skyrmions via single nanosecond pulses of low current density. Furthermore, time-resolved magnetic imaging highlights the stability of the nanocontact, while our micromagnetic simulations reproduce the observed skyrmion nucleation process.

中文翻译：

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通过基于二维磁体的异质结构中的垂直纳米接触生成单个 Skyrmion

Skyrmions 由于其在实际设备中的潜在应用，在手性磁体和磁性薄膜中得到了很好的研究。最近，在二维范德瓦尔斯磁体中观察到了单手性斯格明子。它们的原子平坦表面和堆叠成异质结构的能力为斯格明子应用提供了新的前景。然而，这些材料中斯格明子的受控局部成核尚未实现。在这里，我们利用真实空间 X 射线显微镜研究由二维铁磁体 Fe ₃ GeTe _{2组成的异质结构}(FGT)、绝缘六方氮化硼层和石墨顶电极。在逐步增加石墨和 FGT 之间施加的电压后，可以形成垂直导电通路。这种纳米接触允许通过低电流密度的单个纳秒脉冲可调谐地创建单个斯格明子。此外，时间分辨磁成像突出了纳米接触的稳定性，而我们的微磁模拟再现了观察到的斯格明子成核过程。